March 5

1. March 5 Overview of Plants • Pick up a handout from the front table. • You will fill out the handout as we go through a power point presentation.

2. Plants Green: The color of life. 1

3. Sugar Sunlight Water and Minerals Movement of Water and Nutrients CO2 O2 What do plants need to survive? Gas Exchange 2

4. The Development of Plants Flowering plants Cone-bearing plants Ferns and their relatives Flowers Seeds Enclosed in Fruit Mosses and their relatives Seeds Over time, plants have gone from simple to complex. Water-Conducting Vascular Tissue Blue green bacteria 3

5. Dicot Monocot cot = cotyledon (seed leaves) cot = cotyledon (seed leaves) Mono = one Di = two Flowering Plants have: Corn Seed Bean Seed Seeds 4

6. Flowering Plants have: Dicot Monocot Parallel Veins Branched Veins Leaves 5

7. Flowering Plants have: Dicot Monocot 3 3 4 2 5 4 2 1 5 6 1 8 6 7 Multiples of 3 Multiples of 4 or 5 Flowers 6

8. Flowering Plants have: Dicot Monocot Vascular Bundles Scattered Vascular Bundles In a Ring Stems 7

9. Flowering Plants have: Dicot Monocot Fibrous Root Taproot Roots 8

10. Why does a plant need roots? To absorb water and nutrients from the soil like a sponge and store them for later To anchor a plant in the ground 9

11. A Root Has Layers Vascular Cylinder Cortex Epidermis 10

12. Absorption Protection The outside layer of a root Is called the Epidermis. The epidermis provides 11

13. The outside layer of a root Is called the Epidermis. Root Hairs add extra surface area. The root cap pushes through the soil. 12

14. The middle layer of a root Is called the Cortex. Cortex 13

15. Sugar The inside layer of a root Is called the Vascular Cylinder. Vascular Cylinder The Vascular Cylinder begins the process of moving food and water throughout the plant. 14

16. Sugar Phloem Xylem The Vascular Cylinder contains: Carries Water W (water) & X (xylem) are both at the end of the alphabet. (Pronounced Flow-em) Carries Food 15

17. Why does a plant need a stem? To produce leaves, branches and flowers To hold the leaves up to sunlight To transport nutrients from roots to leaves 16

18. Sugar CO2 O2 Why does a plant need leaves? For Photosynthesis For Transpiration For Gas Exchange To Make Food To Move Water To “Breathe” 17

19. As water pressure in the guard cells decrease The size of the stoma decreases. Guard cells let water leave the plant. Guard Cells Stoma 18

20. Guard Cells As water pressure in the guard cells increase The size of the stoma increases. Stoma Guard cells let water leave the plant. 19

21. Looking at a cross-section of a leaf, you can see 20

22. Looking at a cross-section of a leaf, you can see Control the size of the stoma. Guard Cells 21

23. Looking at a cross-section of a leaf, you can see Allows gases to move in and out of the leaf. Stoma 22

24. Looking at a cross-section of a leaf, you can see Cuticle Outer waxy layer that protects against water loss. 23

25. Looking at a cross-section of a leaf, you can see Xylem Phloem Move nutrients and water through the plant. 24

26. Sunlight carbon dioxide water sugars oxygen Sugar CO2 O2 Photosynthesis + + Green plants use the energy of sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into high-energy sugars and oxygen. 25

27. Photosynthesis The formula looks like this. light 6 CO2 H2O C6H12O6 O2 6 6 + + carbon dioxide water sugars oxygen The balanced equation looks like this. Now there are equal numbers of each element on both sides of the arrow. 26

28. Photosynthesis 6 Carbon light 6 CO2 H2O C6H12O6 O2 6 6 + + carbon dioxide water sugars oxygen The balanced equation looks like this. Now there are equal numbers of each element on both sides of the arrow. 27

29. Photosynthesis 18 Oxygen light 6 CO2 H2O C6H12O6 O2 6 6 + + carbon dioxide water sugars oxygen The balanced equation looks like this. Now there are equal numbers of each element on both sides of the arrow. 28

30. Photosynthesis 12 Hydrogen light 6 CO2 H2O C6H12O6 O2 6 6 + + carbon dioxide water sugars oxygen The balanced equation looks like this. Now there are equal numbers of each element on both sides of the arrow. 29

31. Plant Reproduction Plants can reproduce sexually by Seeds Cones 30

32. Seed Dispersal Seeds can be spread by: Animals Wind Water 31

33. Gymnosperms reproduce using cones. 32

34. Angiosperms reproduce using flowers. 33

35. How attractive! Careful! Petals Attract Insects Sepals Protect the Developing flower Parts of a Typical Flower 34

36. Stamen Anther Filament Male part of flower Parts of a Typical Flower 35

37. Stigma Pistil Style Female part of flower (Sounds like “Pigtail”) Ovary Parts of a Typical Flower 36

38. Plant Reproduction Plants can reproduce asexually by vegetative propagation. Stems Roots Plantlets Stems, plantlets and roots can become a new plant. 37

39. Plant Reproduction Plants can reproduce asexually by plant propagation. Cuttings Grafting & Budding A “cut” from a plant can grow roots when put in soil. Two plants are attached to form one plant. 38

40. Plants can respond to their environment. Tropisms Winter Dormancy Plants can respond to stimuli such as gravity, light, and touch. A plant’s growth and activity can decrease or stop for a period of time. 39

41. Plants can adapt to their environment. Aquatic Plants Desert Plants Waterlilies have air-filled spaces to help oxygen move. Have extensive roots, reduced leaves and thick stems to store water. Coconut seeds float in water. 40