Chapter 25 / Section III: Pages 597-601 Economic Imperialism in Latin America

1. This section is about: How many Latin American nations achieved independence only to fall victim to economic imperialism. How the United States took a role in keeping European imperialism out of Latin America. Chapter 25 / Section III: Pages 597-601Economic Imperialism in Latin America I

2. …and the Main Ideas: A: What do we already know about Latin American independence? B: Where might the United States still have an influence in Latin America today? C: Mexico’s independence? Is this Cinco de Mayo? We had Imperialism in Africa and then in India. It’s also happened in the Americas. Even though many countries declared independence from European powers, they were still controlled by them at times. Look at page 597… I

3. Before Europeans came, Native Americans were doing fine – taking care of all their own needs or trading with each other. Europeans damaged all that by controlling the industry and trade. This left Latin American countries dependent on European countries. While European countries did improve technology, communication, and transportation, they gave Latin Americans no say in their own government (until Simon Bolivar). Effects of Colonial Imperialism I

4. Even after some Latin American countries became independent, they still relied on European countries for trade (and a market to sell to). And European countries continued to invest in L.A. countries (if they helped them build better transportation, Europe could get more and cheaper products) But most of that money only went to a small group of people. Most L.A. people were very poor. Unpaid loans meant European countries could come in and try and take control. Economic Imperialism in Latin America 1 I

5. Problems between countries and social classes made it hard for L.A.’s to unite and work together. These weaknesses encouraged foreign powers to take control, or that some people might even become dictators. Either way, Europeans wanted to come in and take over. Areas of Weakness 2 I

6. The United States knew Europe wanted to have greater powers in the Americas. That’s where the Monroe Doctrine came from. The Monroe Doctrine said: … The U.S. was not a powerful country yet (European countries made fun of the Monroe Doctrine because they were pretty sure we couldn’t back up our warning). But Great Britain was our side, and that helped keep Europe away. The Monroe Doctrine I

7. United States Imperialism 3 • Many Americans felt the United States started needing to act like a world power. • And, expanding U.S. interests and influence was one way to do that. • Through investments and trade, the U.S. slowly began to gain some economic control of Latin America. • Like: when Cuba rebelled against Spain, their sugar businesses were ruined – and the U.S. was glad to go in, and rescue the businesses by taking them over. (“Out of the frying pan, into the fire”) I

8. The Spanish-American War • When Cuba was trying to get independence from Spain, the U.S. sent a ship (The USS Maine) to Cuba to protect Americans living there. • In the middle of one night it blew up and Spain was blamed (did they do it?). • The U.S. told Spain: if they’d leave and go home, we wouldn’t go to war with them. • Spain didn’t leave and there was a war (for 4 months) – which the U.S. dominated. • In the peace treaty, it was agreed Spain would leave Cuba and although Cuba would now be independent, the U.S. could occupy it (and have a military/Navy base there (Gitmo). • (Cuba was not in on the agreement) 4 I

9. 5 Big Stick Diplomacy 6 • At a time when European countries were spreading their imperialistic ideas, President Roosevelt and the United States had a little different plan. • The plan was just to have some control in other countries and not make them actual colonies - though still being a threat to them. • The phrase “speak softly but carry a big stick” comes from this. I

10. The Panama Canal (site) • The U.S. had always wanted to build a canal between the Atlantic and Pacific. • They thought they had an agreement to build one in the Columbian state of Panama. • The Columbian government then decided they didn’t want to. • A group of Panamanians (encouraged by the U.S.?) had a rebellion and declared Panama independent. • Three days later, the U.S. “recognized” the new country of Panama and even sent the Navy to stop Columbia from trying to get it back. • Two weeks later, Panama gave the U.S. permission to build their canal. • Columbia was outraged. I

11. Reform and Change in Mexico • Mexico was able to break away from Spain in 1821. • They were able to do that, but they weren’t strong enough and united enough yet to have a stable and completely set up country. • In 1835, the people living in Texas wanted to break away and start their own republic and they did. • When they soon asked to be added to the U.S. as a state, Mexico declared war on the U.S. • When the U.S won (two years), Mexico was forced to also give up half their territory (and the U.S. gave them $15 million). • It was 1848. I

12. Benito Pablo Juarez and Porfirio Diaz • Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna had been running Mexico as a “dictator” for a while. • Benito Juarez led a reform movement and soon became president of Mexico. • One way he decided to help Mexico recover was to stop paying back foreign loans. • Britain, France, and Spain sent ships to demand their money. • Britain and Spain negotiated an agreement and left. • France got to mad they made one of their own people an “official emperor” of Mexico - but he was soon overthrown - with their final, ultimate victory coming on May 5th, 1862. • M.I.D. is September 16th (from Spain). • ……………. 7 I

13. In 1877, Porfirio Diaz also led a series of revolts and he took over as president (really a dictatorial rule). • He bought order and modernization to Mexico. • He strengthened the army and the police. • He encouraged the building of railroads. • He looked for foreign investors. • But he did favor rich landowners, and often let them take land from Native Americans. • So, many farmers became landless, and then underpaid and treated badly. • By 1910, there was a revolt and by 1911, Diaz had resigned (moving to / dying in Paris in 1915). 8 A government where the ruler has complete and total power I

14. Emiliano Zapata and Pancho Villa • Francisco Madero succeeded Diaz. • His supporters were disappointed in him. Two of them were…. • Emiliano Zapata (Native American) and Pancho Villa (a former bandit) called for the immediate transfer of land to peasant famers. • To try and get that, they had their people “take up arms” against Mexico. • Zapata was murdered in 1915. • Villa survived (until 1920) and actually accepted a new government that came in 1920. • It took a long time for Mexico to stabilize. • (Pancho Villa is really José Doroteo Arango Arámbula) 9 I

15. This is the last slide for today Make sure page "I" is completed I