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pH levels and Arterial Blood Gases

pH levels and Arterial Blood Gases. Blood pH. Normal levels of pH are 0-14 Below 6- acidic Above 7-alkaline Use pH paper to determine acidity or alkalinity These pH levels are used for chemicals, body fluids, such as urine, gastric content. Acids.

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pH levels and Arterial Blood Gases

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  1. pH levels and Arterial Blood Gases

  2. Blood pH • Normal levels of pH are 0-14 • Below 6- acidic • Above 7-alkaline Use pH paper to determine acidity or alkalinity These pH levels are used for chemicals, body fluids, such as urine, gastric content

  3. Acids • Substances that when dissolved in water will ionize into positively charged hydrogen ions and negatively charged ions of some other element.

  4. Alkali (Bases) • Substances that when dissolved in water ionizes into negatively charged hydroxide ions and positively charged ions of metal

  5. Neutralization • This is the result when an acid and a base are combined to form a salt and a water. • Example: heartburn: give antacids and neutralizes the acid into a salt and a water and the heartburn goes away.

  6. Arterial Blood • Arterial Blood gas testing measures the dissolved O2 and CO2 and pH levels in the arterial blood.

  7. Arterial Blood gases • The ABG measure the effectiveness of tissue perfusion and when imbalanced several health conditions can occur.

  8. pH • The pH reflects the hydrogen ions in the circulating blood. • This complex buffering system exists in the respiratory and cardiovascular mechanisms and keeps the systems in balance.

  9. Respiratory • The lungs (respiratory) compensate for the imbalance within 2 to 3 hours.

  10. Metabolic • The kidneys (metabolic) compensate for the imbalances within 2 to 3 days.

  11. Health problems that will alter ABG results • Asthma • Pneumonia • Emphysema • Hypoxia • Sepsis (infection) • Shock • Anesthesia • Drug overdose (Aspirin toxicity)

  12. Arterial Blood pH • This is a useful indicator to determine acid/base balance within the body. • Normal range is 7.35 to 7.45

  13. Homeostasis • Intracellular- fluid within the cell • Extracellular-fluid outside the cell

  14. Arterial blood gas (ABG) • Arterial samples provide information about the ability of the lungs to regulate acid/base balance through retention or release CO2. Effectiveness of the kidneys maintaining appropriate bicarbonate levels can also be gauged.

  15. Application of ABG • pH 7.35 to 7.45 • CO2- 35-45 (respiratory) • HCO3- 24-28 (metabolic) • O2 saturation- 80 to100

  16. Look at pH first • pH: • Above 7.45- alkaline • Below 7.35- acid

  17. respiratory • CO2 above 45-acid • Below 35 alkaline

  18. metabolic • HCO3 above 28- alkaline • Below 24 acid

  19. Example • 24 year old female with drug overdose has following ABG results: • pH- 7.5 • CO2-40 • HCO3- 32 • pH elevated, alkaline, HCO3 elevated and alkaline • Metabolic alkalosis

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