Temperature and Heat

1. Temperature and Heat Heat – the energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference.

2. Temperature and Heat Thermal contact – two objects are in thermal contact if heat can flow between them.

3. Temperature and Heat Thermal equilibrium – if two objects are in thermal contact, but no heat flows between them, they are said to be in thermal equilibrium. (They must be at the same temperature).

4. Temperature and Heat Thermodynamics – the study of physical processes involving the transfer of heat.

5. Temperature and Heat Temperature – the quantity that determines whether two objects are in thermal equilibrium. The temperature of a system depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles making up the system.

6. Temperature and Heat Celsius temperature scale- Freezing point of H2O = 0 oC Boiling point of H2O = 100 oC

7. Temperature and Heat Celsius temperature scale-Notation- a temperature of five degrees celsius is written 5 oC

8. Temperature and Heat Celsius temperature scale-Notation- a temperature change of five degrees celsius is written 5 Co

9. Temperature and Heat Celsius temperature scale- There are 100 divisions between the zero and 100 point

10. Temperature and Heat Fahrenheit temperature scale- Freezing point of H2O = 32 oF Boiling point of H2O = 212 oF

11. Temperature and Heat Fahrenheit temperature scale- There are 180 divisions between the 32 and 212 point.

12. Temperature and Heat Kelvin temperature scale- Freezing point of H2O=273.15 K Boiling point of H2O=373.15 K

13. Temperature and Heat Kelvin temperature scale- an absolute scale with no negative equilibrium temperatures. 0 K = absolute zero

14. Temperature and Heat Conversions –

15. Temperature and Heat Conversions –

16. Figure 16-8The Mechanical Equivalent of Heat

17. Temperature and Heat James Prescott Joule demonstrated that mechanical work can be converted to heat, and that energy is conserved in the process. 1cal=4.186J

18. Temperature and Heat Thermal expansion – when the temperature of most materials increases, they expand. When a substance is heated, its particles begin moving more and thus usually maintain a greater average separation.

19. Temperature and Heat Linear expansion –

20. Temperature and Heat Area expansion –

21. Temperature and Heat Volume expansion –

22. Temperature and Heat Volume expansion – When working with liquids we use the coefficient of volume expansion.

23. Temperature and Heat Linear expansion –

24. Temperature and Heat Heat flow– Conduction – heat flow without bulk motion of matter. The result of atoms interacting with their neighbors.

25. Temperature and Heat Heat flow– Conduction

26. Figure 16-9Heat Conduction Through a Rod

27. Temperature and Heat Heat flow– Convection – heat exchange due to the bulk motion of an unevenly heated fluid.

28. Figure 16-11Alternating Land and Sea Breezes

29. Temperature and Heat Heat flow– Radiation – heat exchange due to electromagnetic radiation such as sunlight, infrared light, and microwaves. Does not require matter to transfer heat.