“Scientific and Technological Innovations in Agriculture in Moldova: National Experience "

“Scientific and Technological Innovations in Agriculture in Moldova: National Experience " The international workshop on cooperation in science and innovations 28th February – 1st March 2013, New Delhi, India Valentina Fetiniuc,Moldova Tudor Lupascu, Moldova

General country overview • Area: 33,800 km2 • Population: 3.58 million • Capital: Chisinau - 717,000 citizens • National Legislature: Unicameral assembly • National currency: Moldavian Leu (MDL)

The major condition for RM to pass to the new economy, based on knowledge is innovations model economic development: transforming innovations and innovation activity into the major social-economic development factor of Republic of Moldova It assumes as practical realization of the complex approach to creation of innovative structures, and mechanisms of interaction of science, formation, small innovative business, the large industrial corporations, and corresponding financial institutions.

The innovative development process in Moldova Agricultural Sectorin the Republic of Moldova is one of the leading sectors in economy (8-10% of GDP) Innovation activity in Agro industrial Complex of RM– a management of complex natural and economic systems, process of new technologies, chemical and biological agents developments Innovations in agro industrial complex- implementation of research and development in the form of new varieties, breeds and species of animals and poultry, new or improved food products, materials and technologies in crop production, livestock and processing industries, fertilizers and protection for plants and animals, etc.

Classification of types of innovations in AIC Selection-genetic Organizational –managerial and economical Socio-ecological Technical- technological and industrial • New breeds, types of animals and poultry • Creation of plants and animals that are resistant to diseases, pests and unfavorable environmental factors • New varieties and hybrids of agricultural plants • The development of cooperation and formation of integrated structures in AIC • New forms of technical service and support resources in AIC • New forms of organization and labor motivation • New forms of organization and management in AIC • Marketing Innovation • Creating innovative and consultation system in the field of science, technology and innovation activities • Concepts and methods of decision-making • Forms and mechanisms of innovative development • Formation of personnel system of scientific and technical provision for AIC • Improving work conditions, health issues, education and culture of rural workers • Wellness and improvement of environmental quality • Ensuring favorable environmental conditions of living, working and recreation for the population • Introduction of modern management, including synergetic management • Scientifically-based system of farming and livestock • New fertilizers and its systems • New plant protection products • Biological function and ecological aspects of agriculture • New energy saving technologies of production and storage of food • The use of new technique • New cultivation technologies for agricultural crops • New industrialized technology for livestock

Applied technological researches in AIC of Moldova are developed in the following directions: • agriculture, land amelioration, water and forestry; • crop and plant protection; • livestock and veterinary medicine; • mechanization, electrification and automation of production; • storage and processing of agricultural products.

Improvement of water potabilization technologies of ground and underground waters Lupashcu Tudor, Ciobanu Mihail, Rusnac Arcadie, Botsan Victor Institute of Chemistry of ASM, S.A. „Apa-Canal” Chisinau *E-mail: lupascut@gmail.com

The paper presents scientific results related to the establishment of water disinfection processes for Nistru River and highlights their effectiveness, using chlorine dioxide and sodium hypochlorite as disinfectants. • It was established that from ecological and economical points of view, the most effective method of disinfection is the use of sodium hypochlorite.

New catalystshavebeen synthesized based on carbon and mineral sorbents. • The obtained catalysts were tested as solid supports to remove hydrogen sulfide from groundwater through aeration and oxidation processes. • It was established that carbonic adsorbents made from nut shells and peach stones, oxidized and impregnated with ions of Cu2+, Mn2+and Fe3+show enhanced properties in the processes ofoxidationand adsorption of hydrogen sulfide ions. • Amongmineral catalysts, the most prominent regarding the oxidation and adsorption capacity of hydrogen sulfide are solid media obtained by intercalation with aluminum oligomers and modified with manganese salts.

The centralized networks of drinking water supply in Republic of Moldova require the resizing of national strategy within this domain of activity • It is based on both extensive principles of increase water uptake in the Nistru, Prut and Danube rivers and the increase of waterabstractionfromdeepundergroundaquifershorizonson one hand, and based on intensive principles of the water potabilization technologies betterment, making more efficient the use of new reactive generation, on the other hand. • The studies that were done open new possibilities for the improvement of ground and underground water potabilization technologies in Republic of Moldova, assuring the sanitation and human health norms.

Nowadays, 67% of the population of Republic of Moldova is using potable water from the centralized systems. • According to the forecasts, the water volume dispensed by centralized water systems is about 130 liters man/day, for townsman is about 275 liters man/day. • There are regions where water supply is insignificant. One person from Vulcanesti gets 64 liters of water per day. • The problem of potable water supply is still severe for the population and national economy that is caused by the irregular distribution of water sources on the territory of Republic of Moldova and by the poor water quality. • Water pipes, sewages and the water treatment system require important financial and material resources.

The researches were aimed to improve technological process of ground and underground water potabilization of the country. • The researches were oriented to remark the efficiency of new disinfectants in order to substitute chemicals presently used for the ground water treatments as primarily of liquid chlorine. • The usage of chlorine for the disinfection of drinkable water involves serious security measures of transportation, storage and installations operation. • In the case of emergency situations (earthquake, fire) increases the risk of producing the chlorine gas emissions within the space with environment pollution and mass population intoxication. • There were made scientific researches for the procedures for hydrogensulphideandsulphideremovalfromgroundwaterbyphysical, physicochemicalmethods.

Scientific research was done at the Treatment water station of the Nistru River in Chisinau. • There were used as disinfectants liquid chlorine as well as chlorine dioxide and sodium hypochlorite. • The study of hydrogen sulfide and sulfides removal processes from underground waters in semi-pilot conditions was done at the Ecologic Chemistry Lab of Chemistry Institute of Academy of Sciences of Moldova. • Thus, it was used active carbon CAN-8, derived from nut shells activated with water vapors, modified with Mn2+ and Fe3+ ions. • The saturation process of active carbon CAN-8 with ions of Mn2+ and Fe3+ was realized by using concerned chlorides in equimolar ratio, after what it was washed with distilled water and dried at 1050C to get constant mass. • There were taken 10 liters of underground water from the Hincesti well No. 1, 20 grams of active carbon CAN-8 + Mn2+ +Fe3+ and this content was bubbled with air (400L/h).

Feasibility study results of the usage of different chemicals for the water disinfection process are presented below

Water quality indicators before and after sodium hypochlorite solution treatment (Nistru river, may 2010)

Analysis of results presented in table nr.2 shows that the water quality indicators after the treatment with 0,8 % sodium hypochlorite solution respects the norms of State Standard of domain. • Kineticsofhydrogensulfide elimination process is presented in cycles in figure nr.1. • The efficiency of carbon adsorbent (CAN-8+Mn2++Fe3+) was evaluated during 3 cycles, throughout the elimination process of hydrogen sulfide by physic- chemical method (aeration – oxidation -adsorption). • Thus, it was evaluated during 3 cycles, after about 20-30 minutes of water treatment was registered total elimination of hydrogen sulfide (fig. 1)

It is notable the change of ion concentration of sulfates - produced by oxidation ofhydrogen sulfide in cycles. These data are presented in the table

Data presented in fig.1 and table 3 shows that only the first cycle takes place with maximum efficiency both in terms of kinetics hydrogensulfide removal from water and oxidation process of hydrogen sulphide to sulphates. • The catalytic activity of modified carbon decreases while the number of cycles increases during the experiment. • This is because more to the point of the oxidation process of hydrogen sulfide to sulfates there takes place the oxidation process of hydrogen sulfide to sulfur colloid. • Thus, it makes possible the change of structure parameters of active carbon saturated with iron and manganese ions

The table nr. 4 presents the original and after 3 cycles CAN-8 +Mn2+ +Fe3+ active carbon structure parameters, which were reached by nitrogen isotherms adsorption at Autosorb nr.1 plant. • Data from the Table 4 show that all the structure parameters of adsorbent (catalyst) is reduced significantly after 3 cycles of use. • It is important that the volume of micro-pores is reduced that signifies that perhaps the by the oxidation is still forming colloidal sulfur. • The area surface of the adsorbent is reduced after 3 cycles then the process takes place due to the adsorption of humic acids in studied water. • The humic acids cannot be absorbed in micro-pores because of too large size of their molecules.

Conclusions • The use of sodiumhypochlorite for the technologic processes of water treatment ensures a good disinfection, according to the drinkable water norms. The presented technology is feasible from the economic point of view as well. • The effectiveness of adsorbent carbon (CAN-8 + Mn2 + + Fe3 +) in the process of hydrogen sulfide removal, by physicochemical method (aeration-oxidation - adsorption) was evaluated in semi-pilot conditions using underground water. It was proved that after about 20-30 min of the water treatment, the total elimination of hydrogen sulfide is recorded. • The specific surface of active carbons and the volume of micro-pores during the potabilization process are getting smaller. This can be explained by the fact that during the potabilization process of contaminated waters by hydrogen sulphide and colloid sulphide sulfur the pores of carbonic adsorbents are blocked.

Food industry The approval of high category seeds for the new varieties of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Innovative technology for cultivation of the aromatic-spicy varieties of species needed for the production of salt and flavored food oil High category seeds of sorghum with a comestible grain – SORIZ Clean technologies for fish cooking

Food industry Keeping the pure horticultural products in a controlled atmosphere Apples drying technology Jams of fruit and berries with a low sugar component and increased biological value Bio-humus production by controlling and regulating the thermal conditions of the technological process and its application in agriculture

Thank you for your attention! lupascut@gmail.com valentinafetiniuc@yahoo.com

“Scientific and Technological Innovations in Agriculture in Moldova: National Experience "