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Brookhaven National Laboratory Lucian Wielopolski, Ph.D. Scientific Innovations Inc.

TRIPLE PRONG INSPECTION OF CARGO FOR DETECTION OF EXPLOSIVES AND NUCLEAR MATERIALS. Brookhaven National Laboratory Lucian Wielopolski, Ph.D. Scientific Innovations Inc. Joseph Brondo, CEO PROPRIETARY INFORMATION.

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Brookhaven National Laboratory Lucian Wielopolski, Ph.D. Scientific Innovations Inc.

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  1. TRIPLE PRONG INSPECTION OF CARGO FOR DETECTION OF EXPLOSIVES AND NUCLEAR MATERIALS Brookhaven National Laboratory Lucian Wielopolski, Ph.D. Scientific Innovations Inc. Joseph Brondo, CEO PROPRIETARY INFORMATION

  2. CERBERUS- is one of the off springs of Typhoeus and Echidna. It is a three headed dog with a snake tail and snake heads protruding from his back. He guards the entrance to the underworld, allowing the dead to enter but, never to leave. One of the few living mortals to get past Cerberus was Orpheus who charmed it to sleep with his song during his attempt to rescue Eurydice from death. Fetching Cerberus from the underworld and displaying him to King Eurystheus was the last labor of Heracles.

  3. CERBERUS Objective A full scale demonstration of a triple prong inspection of large cargo containers for detection of explosives and nuclear materials using Gamma Resonance, Photo-Fission, and High-Z Detection Technology

  4. CERBERUS End Product

  5. Simultaneous inspection for nuclear materials and explosives • High detection probability (>90%) for explosives • High throughput (1600 bags/hr, 24LD-3/hr/station) • Specific signature for explosives • Fully automated decision making • Single source can feed multiple inspection stations • Can inspect small packages and large containers • Low false alarm rate (<5%) • No residual activation or site contamination • Elemental 3-D imaging capability CERBERUS Basic Characteristics

  6. CERBERUS Principles Gamma Resonance Technology, GRT is based on resonance interaction of gamma radiation with a specific level in a nucleus of an element of interest, e.g., N, O, Cl, and detection of the transmitted incident radiation or that induced by nuclear fluorescence. Photo-Fission Technology, PFT is based on nuclear absorption of energetic gamma rays that above threshold energy induce fission in fissile materials, e.g., U-235, Pu-239, Th-232, and subsequent detection of the emitted delayed neutrons. High-Z Detection Technology, HZT is based on attenuation of dual or triple high energy gamma beams and solving simultaneous transmission equations for resolving high- and low-z materials.

  7. Recoil Doppler E = (E - E2/Mc2)(1 + (v/c)cos) Resonance Gamma Beam E ~10 MeV Proton Accelerator  Inspected Object Target Detectors ~2 MeV, 10 mA (p,)  E 4 CERBERUS System Main Components

  8. Nitrogenous and non-nitrogenous objects placed in a beam. Experiments carried out by Nahal Soreq Group Images: Out of resonance In resonance CERBERUS GRT: Proof-of-Principle

  9. Six explosives were hidden in a LD-3 container loaded with a mixed cargo. NRC Nahal Soreq group carried out these experiments using resonance detectors for nitrogen detection. Two images are created simultaneously. The upper image shows a regular gamma transmission radiograph. The lower image shows nitrogen image that clearly identifies the explosives. CERBERUS GRT: Demonstration on LD-3

  10. nσ Gamma Resonance Counts N0-kN0= n√N0 2 n 1-k k = exp(-μρd) N0= N’=kN0 N0 Experimental Values Resonance Mass Attenuation (σNres) 0.05 cm2/g Resonance Count Rate 0.04 pC/sσA Non-Resonance Count Rate 0.80 eC/sσA CERBERUS Cluster Analysis

  11. Cont- Explosive Explosive Time/ Scan ainer Dimensions Mass Slice Time cm g s min LD3* 20x20x0.5 300 8 10 LD3 5x5x5 190 1.4 1.75 C# 10x10x10 1500 1.8 3.66a Estimated scan time based on 3σ probability of detection a vertical scan 0.75 min for 40’ container CRp 200 C/s(5mA) * 153x156x163 cm3, Max. 1588 kg, ρ 0.4 g/cc, Att. Factor 4 # 8’x8’x20’, 246x246x610 cm3, Max. 20000 kg, ρ 0.54 g/cc, Att. Factor 12 CERBERUS Scanning Time Estimates

  12. Gamma Flux > 6 MeV ~1% CERBERUS PFT: Threshold Energies • (γ,n) - Produces only prompt neutrons. • (γ,fission) - Occurs only in fissile materials producing prompt and delayed neutrons. Threshold Energies in MeV Isotope(γ,n)(γ,fission) Pu-239 5.6 5.6 U-235 5.3 5.8 U-238 6.1 5.8 Th-232 6.4 6.0

  13. 3He Neutron Detector Nuclear material present Region of Interest Accelerator Pulses MCS No nuclear material present PC with Acquisition Program Analysis Program Time after pulse Experiments carried out at INEEL CERBERUS PFT: Proof-of-Principle

  14. Φ(E,x) Φ(x) CERBERUS PFT Yield Emax n = ∫dr3∫Φ(E,x)N(x,t)σ(E)dE Ethres En= Ephoton - Ethres

  15. HE LE ln = (iL i Li) ln = (iH i Li) I I 1 MeV Io Io 15 MeV 10 MeV 5 MeV CERBERUS HZT: Formulation

  16. R = exp[(H - L)x)] For: x=0.5 cm, R=1.09, CR=333c/s5mA, @ 3 IL= IL = 1320 counts. This will require 3.96 s/slice. = IL 2 3 IH 1 – 1/R CERBERUS HZT L/H Ratio

  17. CERBERUS Low- High-Z Separation Materials with the same optical thickness at 5 MeV can be separated at higher energies

  18. A configuration of a system in an airport feeding simultaneously two inspection stations for bags. A possible configuration for scanning large containers CERBERUS Applications

  19. Can be engineered into a transportable, readily deployable system Stand off use of the system in a fluorescence (backscattering) mode CERBERUS Applications Alternative implementations of the Resonance Technology

  20. Single system feeds simultaneously four inspection stations at one location. Single system feeds alternatively three inspection locations. Each detection station can process 1600 bags/hr, 24 LD-3 containers/hr, 4 conveyors simultaneously CERBERUS Applications

  21. Detectors Using four ramps may inspect simultaneously 40 foot container in about 3 to 4 minutes, stacked containers will double the capacity. (Times extrapolated from experiments) Stacked Containers Resonance Gamma Beam Target 8’ 21’ 18’ 36’ CERBERUS Applications

  22. Two compact accelerators (can be expanded to four) attached to a single power supply occupy a very small footprint. With a flexible cable they can be placed in any arbitrary configuration. CERBERUS Compact Accelerator Footprint

  23. Alpha Prototype Beta Prototype CERBERUS Accelerator Configurations

  24. Single Stage Accelerator with two acceleration columns CERBERUS Accelerator Configurations

  25. Rotating target exploded view One C-13 target was constructed and tested CERBERUS Rotating Target System

  26. Multi Layer Strobe Mixed layer Single layer 13C Target has been constructed and heat tested for 10 mA GRFT Rotating Target System

  27. Composite Target of 26Mg & 30Si At Ep 1.94 & 1.91 MeV respectively to detect 14N, 16O, and 35Cl 27Al @ θ~40o 7.117 MeV 16O 26Mg (p,γ) & 30Si (p,γ) @ θ~117o 9.082 MeV 35Cl 31P @ θ~86o 9.173 MeV 14N CERBERUS Targets For O and Cl By using different target material or a combination of materials elements other than nitrogen can also be investigated • Layered Targets • CS2 – Enriched in 13C and 34S for detection of N and Cl. • BN (Boron Nitrate enriched with 13C) 13C; 11B; 15N; with Ep @ 1.75; 1.1; 0.6; MeV respectively, we can measure N; C; and O, simultaneously.

  28. CERBERUS Targets For O and Cl Rotating target allows a better heat absorption and to be layered with different elements or compounds. For example: Target E Ep /p 13C 9.17 1.75 5.50E-9 7Li 17.6 0.44 8.22E-9 11B 12.8, 4.4 1.39 2.14E-8 19F 6.13 1.37 6.24E-7 26Mg 9.37 2.02 4.87E-9

  29. RD -Resonance Detectors Container #1 NRD -Non-Resonance Detectors Proton Accelerator NFD -Nuclear Fluorescence Detectors Container #2 ND -Neutron Detectors High Voltage Generator NFD Container #3 Proton Accelerator ND Container #4 NRD RD NRD CERBERUS Multiple Uses of the Basic System Future expansion of the basic unit by adding various detection systems and accelerators to the same high voltage generator

  30. Resonance detectors are used for specific detection and imaging of nitrogen contained in high explosives using gamma resonance interaction. They measure simultaneously gamma resonance and total attenuation thus providing dual information at gamma energy of 9.17 MeV. Regular detectors (NaI, BGO) for dual or triple high monoenergetic gamma ray detection. Proposed energies in the range from 4 to about 17 MeV. Neutron detectors for detection of prompt and delayed neutrons resulting from photo-neutron reactions, in the cargo materials, and photofission in fissionable materials, respectively. Multiple Uses of the Basic System

  31. CERBERUS Proposed Test Site BNL test site for a container scanning system

  32. CERBERUS Participants • Scientific Innovations Inc. • Joseph Brondo • SCIENTIFIC • BNL • Peter Thieberger • Jim Alessi • Istvan Dioszegi • Mike Todosow • Albert L Hanson • Hans Luudewig • NRC Soreq • David Vartsky • Mark B. Goldberg • Scientific Innovations Inc. • Joseph Brondo • COMMERCIAL • Accelerator • Manufacturers (2) • Commercial Production • and Deployment (4) • (Boeing, Lockheed, • L-3, Northrop Grumman,…)

  33. CERBERUS Organization SII Commercialization CRADA COMMERCIAL FEDERAL Field System Design & Manufacturing BNL R&D

  34. System Integration & Evaluation Single Stage Accelerator Experiments & Demonstration Targets Detectors System Engineering Scanning System Documentation 0 8 12 16 Month 4 CERBERUS Time Table

  35. CERBERUS BNL Budget Accelerator: Rental, delivery, and installation $750,000 Detectors: Resonance Detectors and electronics $250,000 Target: Rotating target $200,000 Miscellaneous: Shielding, materials,… $200,000 Labor: 3FTE (Eqv.) $800,000 Total $2,000,000

  36. CERBERUS Summary • Cerberus is a multi prong technology that fills in an • existing critical security gap. • It is novel, compact, flexible, adaptable to new • applications. • A full scale cargo inspection prototype test facility can • be ready in about one year. • The cost of a final systems is estimated at about $ 2.5- 3.0M (2 headed accelerator ~ $1.7M, 150 detectors, target, system engineering ~ $0.8M).

  37. CERBERUS The End

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