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Fault related Folds

Fault related Folds. Fault-tip Fold. Fault-bend Fold. http://earth.leeds.ac.uk/learnstructure/index.htm. Example from the Argentinian Cordillera. What is it?. Primary strucure due to cross-bedding stratification. Not related to deformation. Fault related Folds.

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Fault related Folds

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  1. Fault related Folds Fault-tip Fold Fault-bend Fold http://earth.leeds.ac.uk/learnstructure/index.htm

  2. Example from the Argentinian Cordillera

  3. What is it?

  4. Primary strucure due to cross-bedding stratification. Not related to deformation

  5. Fault related Folds all from: http://earth.leeds.ac.uk/learnstructure/index.htm http://earth.leeds.ac.uk/learnstructure/index.htm

  6. II. Fold modeling • Balanced cross section • Fault-related folds • Growth Strata

  7. Growth and pre-growth strata • The assumption of beds with constant thickness holds generally for ‘pre-growth’ strata. Syntectonic deposition will induce lateral variations of bed thickness. Such strata are called ‘growth strata’.

  8. (Burbank and Verges, 1994)

  9. Example: Structure of a Fault-bend fold with Growth strata Growth triangles (Suppe et al., 1997; Hubert-Ferrari et al, 2007)

  10. Pre-growth strata

  11. Growth strata

  12. (Suppe et al, Journal of Structural Geology, 1996)

  13. Growth triangle…

  14. foldscarp… buttress unconformity

  15. growth axial surface as disconformity…

  16. Buttress unconformity…

  17. angular unconformity…

  18. growth axial surface as unconformity…

  19. 2 growth unconformities…

  20. A case study of a fold and thrust belt: The North Tian Shan Piemont (Charreau et al, 2008)

  21. A case study of a fold and thrust belt: The North Tian Shan Piemont A B (Charreau et al, 2008)

  22. Growth strata record of Kink Band migration (Huerguosi Anticline) A B (Charreau et al, 2008) (Suppe et al., 1997; Hubert-Ferrari et al, 2007)

  23. Modeling 12 equations ex: Kinematic model (Charreau et al, 2008)

  24. (Charreau et al, 2008)

  25. Modeling dip angles Bedding expected from the pure Fault-bend fold model Bedding measured in surface Bedding expected from the fault-bend fold model with growth strata (Charreau et al, 2008)

  26. Long Term History of Shortening (Charreau et al, 2008)

  27. Sedimentation History Accumulation rates– Piggy back Accumulation rates- magnetostratigraphy (Charreau et al, 2008)

  28. Let’s practice…

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