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THE RISE OF INDUSTRIAL AMERICA

THE RISE OF INDUSTRIAL AMERICA. 1865 - 1900. The Gilded Age. Gilded Age – A phrase created by Mark Twain. It means: Looks shiny or good on the outside, but is corrupt or dirty on the inside. The Major Legislation. The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 –

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THE RISE OF INDUSTRIAL AMERICA

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  1. THE RISE OF INDUSTRIAL AMERICA 1865 - 1900 Ellison & Gloer 2008

  2. The Gilded Age • Gilded Age – • A phrase created by Mark Twain. • It means: Looks shiny or good on the outside, but is corrupt or dirty on the inside. Ellison & Gloer 2008

  3. The Major Legislation • The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 – • Said no company could under-sale the competition for the intent of creating a monopoly. Ellison & Gloer 2008

  4. 1. Cornelius Vanderbilt • Known as “Commodore” • Quit school at age 11. • Ran a railroad. • Worth $400 million when he died. • Said, “Law! What law? I have power!” Ellison & Gloer 2008

  5. 2. Andrew Carnegie • Also ran a railroad, but made his wealth in steel. • He mastered the Bessemer Procedure. • Was worth $750 million when he died. • Was a great philanthropist. Ellison & Gloer 2008

  6. 3. J.P. Morgan • Bought the steel company from Carnegie. • He created U.S. Steel. • He controlled 10% of the nation’s wealth. • Worth $22 billion when he dies. Ellison & Gloer 2008

  7. 4. John D. Rockefeller • Controlled 90% of the nation’s oil. • Created Standard Oil. • Gave lots of money away. • Was also a great philanthropist. Ellison & Gloer 2008

  8. IDEAS OF THE 19TH CENTURY A. Social Darwinism – “Survival of the Fittest” “Fittest business will survive.” B. Gospel ofWealth – Economically successful people have the responsibility to share their fortune with their community. Ellison & Gloer 2008

  9. IDEAS OF THE 19TH CENTURY C. How to succeed – (Horatio Alger) - An “Algerism” – Work hard, get an education, have a good attitude, be determined, and you will succeed. D. Materialism – The greatest things to be accumulated are materials – cars, jewels, homes, etc Ellison & Gloer 2008

  10. Thomas Nast • Famous editorial cartoonist in the 1800’s. • Drew cartoons for a magazine called Harper’s Weekly. Ellison & Gloer 2008

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  14. Boss Tweed • A crooked politician in New York City. • Head of Tammany Hall, the Democratic Party political machine • He stole millions of dollars (between $75 – $200 million) from the New York City government. • Convicted and went to jail. • Nast’s cartoon’s helped catch him. Ellison & Gloer 2008

  15. Who is depicted in the cartoon? • What is his head? • What does the cartoon represent? Ellison & Gloer 2008

  16. What is the man standing on? • Who do you think he is? • What is he holding in his hands? • What does the cartoon mean? Ellison & Gloer 2008

  17. Who is carrying the world? • What is drawn on the world? • What does it mean? Ellison & Gloer 2008

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  19. Who is the man pictured? • What is he holding? • What is going on in the background? • What is the cartoon saying? Ellison & Gloer 2008

  20. The Rise of Populism • Populism – A movement in the late 1800’s that wanted reform for the farmers and workers. Ellison & Gloer 2008

  21. What did Populism want? A personal income tax.) Direct election of our senators. An 8 hour work day. Immigration restriction. The “Free Silver” movement or backing our currency with silver instead of gold – They were called “Silverites.” One - 6 year term for President. The Goals of Populism Ellison & Gloer 2008

  22. Populism’s Popularity • Why was Populism popular? • There was a economic depression in 1893. • The depression specifically hurt the Eastern industrial workers. • The workers began to work together to earn more workers’ rights. Ellison & Gloer 2008

  23. The Decline of Populism • What ever happened to Populism? • The Democratic Party adopted many of their ideals. • Economy prosperity returned and many of the people forgot about the problems from 1893. Ellison & Gloer 2008

  24. Leaders of Populism • William Jennings Bryan – • Ran for President four times, but lost all of them. • Ran in 1896, 1900 and 1908 as a Democrat. • Lost in 1896 and 1900 to William McKinley. • Lost in 1908 to Howard Taft. • Called the “Great Commoner.” Ellison & Gloer 2008

  25. The Populism Allegory • An allegory is a story that uses animals and people to represent a concept or idea. • Many scholars say that the Wizard of Oz is an allegory for Populism. Ellison & Gloer 2008

  26. The Wizard of Oz • Published by L. Frank Baum in 1900. • Becomes a movie in 1939. • About a girl trying to get home from a strange Land called Oz. • Gets the assistance from three companions who also seek help from the Wizard. Ellison & Gloer 2008

  27. Dorothy • Dorothy represents every man or the people. • She is from Kansas. • She hopes the Wizard will show her way back home to Kansas. Ellison & Gloer 2008

  28. Toto • Just a dog. • Could have represented laughter and fun. • Dorothy needed Toto to keep from turning “dumb, “heartless” and “scared.” Ellison & Gloer 2008

  29. The Munchkins • The Munchkins represent all the common people that must work for capitalists. • They were “in bondage for many years” to the Wicked Witch of the East, until Dorothy kills her. Ellison & Gloer 2008

  30. The Slippers • The slippers are actually silver in the book, representing the Free Silver movement of the Populism. • They come off when Dorothy returns to Kansas to show that the Free Silver movement fails. • They were only red in the movie for color reasons. Ellison & Gloer 2008

  31. The Yellow Brick Road • The Yellow Brick Road presents the Gold Standard that Populism was against. • Oz is the abbreviation for ounce, the measurement for gold. Ellison & Gloer 2008

  32. The Scarecrow • The Scarecrow represents farmers. • He hopes the Wizard will give him a brain or knowledge. • Many felt farmers were not intelligent and working hard for little gain. Ellison & Gloer 2008

  33. The Tin Man • The Tin Man represents the industrial workers. • He hopes the Wizard will give him a heart. • Many saw the industrial workers as dehumanized from no work during the 1893 depression. • The depression is represented by him being rusted when they find him. Ellison & Gloer 2008

  34. The Lion • The Lion represents W.J. Bryan. • He hopes to get courage from the Wizard. • The Lion retreats into the forest to show Bryan’s defeats and demise from politics. Ellison & Gloer 2008

  35. The Emerald City • The Emerald City represents Washington, D.C., home of the President. Ellison & Gloer 2008

  36. The Witches • The witches represent capitalists or bankers. • The Wicked Witch of the East is killed by Dorothy’s house. • The Wicked Witch of the West is melted. • Glinda is the Good Witch of the North. Ellison & Gloer 2008

  37. The Flying Monkeys • The Flying Monkeys represent Native Americans at that time. • They were good, but forced to do bad by the Witches. • Likewise, Native Americans felt trapped by wealthy capitalists who forced them into working for them. Ellison & Gloer 2008

  38. The Wizard • The Wizard is the President of the U.S., presumably Grover Cleveland. • He was president from 1885 – 1889 and again from 1893 – 1897. Ellison & Gloer 2008

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