Chapter Thirty-One: The Ordeal of Liberalism

1. Chapter Thirty-One: The Ordeal of Liberalism

2. Chapter Thirty-One:The Ordeal of Liberalism • Expanding the Liberal State • John Kennedy • Kennedy Elected The Election of 1960

3. Chapter Thirty-One:The Ordeal of Liberalism • Expanding the Liberal State • John Kennedy • Kennedy Elected • The “New Frontier” “And so, my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for you--ask what you can do for your country.” -John F. Kennedy John F. Kennedy (Library of Congress)

4. Chapter Thirty-One:The Ordeal of Liberalism • Expanding the Liberal State • Lyndon Johnson • “Great Society” Lyndon Johnson (Library of Congress)

5. Chapter Thirty-One:The Ordeal of Liberalism • Expanding the Liberal State • The Assault on Poverty • Medicare and Medicaid

6. Chapter Thirty-One:The Ordeal of Liberalism • Expanding the Liberal State • The Assault on Poverty • Medicare and Medicaid • Failure of the OEO

7. Chapter Thirty-One:The Ordeal of Liberalism • Expanding the Liberal State • Cities, Schools, and Immigration • Federal Aid to Education

8. Chapter Thirty-One:The Ordeal of Liberalism • Expanding the Liberal State • Cities, Schools, and Immigration • Federal Aid to Education • Immigration Act of 1965

9. Chapter Thirty-One:The Ordeal of Liberalism • Expanding the Liberal State • Legacies of the Great Society • Achievements of the Great Society The Johnson Treatment

10. Chapter Thirty-One:The Ordeal of Liberalism • The Battle for Racial Equality • Expanding Protests • SNCC Ronald Martin, Robert Patterson, and Mark Martin stage sit-down strike after being refused service at an F.W. Woolworth luncheon counter, Greensboro, N.C. 1960. (Library of Congress)

11. Chapter Thirty-One:The Ordeal of Liberalism • The Battle for Racial Equality • Expanding Protests • SNCC • “Freedom Rides” Background Map: 1961 Freedom Rides [New York]: Associated Press Newsfeature, [1962]. (Library of Congress)

12. Chapter Thirty-One:The Ordeal of Liberalism • The Battle for Racial Equality • A National Commitment • March on Washington “I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: ‘We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal.’ “ Martin Luther King, Jr.

13. Chapter Thirty-One:The Ordeal of Liberalism • The Battle for Racial Equality • The Battle for Voting Rights • “Freedom Summer”

14. Chapter Thirty-One:The Ordeal of Liberalism • The Battle for Racial Equality • The Battle for Voting Rights • “Freedom Summer” • Voting Rights Act Approved

15. Chapter Thirty-One:The Ordeal of Liberalism • The Battle for Racial Equality • The Changing Movement • “Affirmative Action”

16. Chapter Thirty-One:The Ordeal of Liberalism • The Battle for Racial Equality • Urban Violence • Riots

17. Chapter Thirty-One:The Ordeal of Liberalism • The Battle for Racial Equality • Black Power • Racial Distinctiveness Emphasized

18. Chapter Thirty-One:The Ordeal of Liberalism • The Battle for Racial Equality • Black Power • Racial Distinctiveness Emphasized • Black Panthers “Nobody can give you freedom. Nobody can give you equality or justice or anything. If you're a man, you take it.” - Malcolm X

19. Chapter Thirty-One:The Ordeal of Liberalism • “Flexible Response and the Cold War” • Diversifying Foreign Policy • “Alliance for Progress” The US in Latin America, 1954-2001

20. Chapter Thirty-One:The Ordeal of Liberalism • “Flexible Response and the Cold War” • Diversifying Foreign Policy • “Alliance for Progress” • Bay of Pigs The US in Latin America, 1954-2001

21. Chapter Thirty-One:The Ordeal of Liberalism • “Flexible Response and the Cold War” • Confrontations with the Soviet Union • Berlin Wall

22. Chapter Thirty-One:The Ordeal of Liberalism • “Flexible Response and the Cold War” • Confrontations with the Soviet Union • Berlin Wall • Cuban Missile Crisis “Communist domination in this hemisphere can never be negotiated” John F. Kennedy

23. Chapter Thirty-One:The Ordeal of Liberalism • “Flexible Response” and the Cold War • Johnson and the World • Intervention in the Dominican Republic

24. Chapter Thirty-One:The Ordeal of Liberalism • The Agony of Vietnam • America and Diem • Growing Support for Diem

25. Chapter Thirty-One:The Ordeal of Liberalism • The Agony of Vietnam • America and Diem • Growing Support for Diem • Diem Assassinated

26. Chapter Thirty-One:The Ordeal of Liberalism • The Agony of Vietnam • From Aid to Intervention • Gulf of Tonkin Resolution “Resolved…That the Congress approves and supports the determination of the President, as Commander in Chief, to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression.” - Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

27. Chapter Thirty-One:The Ordeal of Liberalism • The Agony of Vietnam • The Quagmire • “Attrition” Strategy

28. Chapter Thirty-One:The Ordeal of Liberalism • The Agony of Vietnam • The Quagmire • “Attrition” Strategy • “Pacification”

29. Chapter Thirty-One:The Ordeal of Liberalism • The Agony of Vietnam • The War at Home • Growing Antiwar Movement "Hey, Hey LBJ; How Many Kids Did You Kill Today?" - Antiwar Chant

30. Chapter Thirty-One:The Ordeal of Liberalism • The Agony of Vietnam • The War at Home • Growing Antiwar Movement • War-Induced Inflation

31. Chapter Thirty-One:The Ordeal of Liberalism • The Traumas of 1968 • The Tet Offensive • Political Defeat

32. Chapter Thirty-One:The Ordeal of Liberalism • The Traumas of 1968 • The Political Challenge • Eugene McCarthy

33. Chapter Thirty-One:The Ordeal of Liberalism • The Traumas of 1968 • The Political Challenge • Eugene McCarthy • Robert Kennedy “Some men see things as they are and say why. I dream things that never were and say why not.” - Robert Kennedy

34. Chapter Thirty-One:The Ordeal of Liberalism • The Traumas of 1968 • The King Assassination • James Earl Ray “I have bad news for you, for all of our fellow citizens, and people who love peace all over the world, and that is that Martin Luther King was shot and killed tonight. Martin Luther King dedicated his life to love and to justice for his fellow human beings, and he died because of that effort.” - Robert Kennedy

35. Chapter Thirty-One:The Ordeal of Liberalism • The Traumas of 1968 • The Kennedy Assassination and Chicago • Democratic National Convention

36. Chapter Thirty-One:The Ordeal of Liberalism • The Traumas of 1968 • The Conservative Response • George Wallace The Election of 1968

37. Chapter Thirty-One:The Ordeal of Liberalism • The Traumas of 1968 • The Conservative Response • George Wallace • Nixon Elected Richard M. Nixon (Library of Congress)

38. Chapter Thirty-One:The Ordeal of Liberalism • Debating the Past: The Vietnam Commitment

39. Chapter Thirty-One:The Ordeal of Liberalism • America in the World: 1968