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Chapter 6 Approach Charts

Chapter 6 Approach Charts. §6.1 Introduction §6.2 Layout and Information §6.3 Non-Precision Approaches §6.4 Precision Approach §6.5 Straight-In Approaches §6.6 Approaches with Reversals. § 6.1 Introduction.

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Chapter 6 Approach Charts

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  1. Chapter 6 Approach Charts §6.1 Introduction §6.2 Layout and Information §6.3 Non-Precision Approaches §6.4 Precision Approach §6.5 Straight-In Approaches §6.6 Approaches with Reversals

  2. §6.1 Introduction The standards used in designing these instrument approaches are governed by each country’s controlling civil aviation administration (CAA): • TERPS • PANS-OPS • JAR OPS

  3. §6.2 Layout and Information Jeppesen’s approach charts are designed bypilots for pilots. • The Heading • The Plan View • Profile View • Landing Minimums

  4. Heading Plan View Profile View Landing Minimum

  5. §6.2.1 Heading The information in chart heading includes: • Heading Border Data(图边信息） • Communication Row（通信频率） • Pre-Approach Briefing Strip & MSA （进近简令条和最低扇区高度）

  6. §6.2.1.1 Heading Border Data • Location Name（机场地名） • Procedure Identifier（程序名称） • Chart Index Number（进近图索引号） • Chart Date（进近图日期） • Airport Identifier and Airport Name （机场代码和名称）

  7. Procedure Identifier Procedure Identifier Location Name

  8. Chart Index Number • The First Digit represents the airport number and is an arbitrary assignment. • The Second Digit represents the chart type:

  9. 0-Area, DP, SID, STAR, Class B, etc. 1-ILS, LOC, MLS, LDA (Localizer-type Directional Aid), SDF (Simplified Directional Facility) 2-RNAV 3-VOR, VOR/DME 4-TACAN 5-RESERVED 6-NDB 7-Reserved 8-PAR, ASR(airport/airfield surveillance radar), Stand-Alone GPS 9-VOR DME RNAV, Charted Visual Flight Procedures (CVFP)

  10. Chart Date Revision Date Effective Date The chart date may be used to ensure that the chart selected is correct and current. Each chart has a chart date and, additionally, may have an effective date. Dates are expressed in the format of day, month, year.

  11. Airport Identifier and Name Airport Identifier Airport Name

  12. §6.2.1.2 Communications Row

  13. §6.2.1.3 Pre-flight Approach Briefing Strip &MSA         • Primary navigation aid • Final approach course bearing • Check altitude box • Lowest minimum altitude. DA(H) or MDA(H) • Airport elevation • Minimum Safe Altitude (MSA) graphic • Missed approach instructions • Additional notes/Altimeter setting information

  14. Primary Navigation Aid Check Altitude Box Lowest Minimum Altitude Airport Elevation MSA Missed Approach Final Approach Course Bearing Additional Notes

  15. Check Altitude Box • On precision approaches, it provides the crossing altitude of the glide slope at the OM. • On non-precision approaches, it contains the altitude at the FAF.

  16. Lowest Minimum Altitude • For a precision approach, this box contains the lowest DA(H). • For a non-precision approach, it contains the lowest MDA(H) for the straight-in landing.

  17. Airport Elevation The airport elevation is the highest point of an airport’s usable runways, while the TDZE is the highest elevation in the first 3,000 feet of the landing surface. Terps Pans-ops

  18. MSA The MSA indicates the minimum altitude you can fly that will provide you with at least 1,000 feet of obstruction clearance within the given radius of the fix or facility designated below the MSA circle (when not specified, the radius is 25 nautical miles). The center of the MSA is normally the locator on ILS or localizer approaches, the VOR on VOR or VOR/DME approaches, and the NDB on NDB approaches.

  19. Missed Approach Instructions

  20. Altimeter Setting Information and Additional Notes

  21. §6.2.2 Plan View • Scale, Terrain（地形）and Elevation symbols • Navaid symbols • Flight track symbols • Airspace fix symbols

  22. §6.2.2.1 Scale, Topographical, and Elevation Symbols Man-made structure Elevation Contour Elevation Navaid Symbology Missed Approach Track latitude Approach Track Fix Prohibitive Area Scale longitude

  23. Scale The plan view is depicted to scale. Normally, this scale is one inch equals five nautical miles (1inch=5 nm). However, occasionally the length of the approach may require a different scale factor to be used.

  24. Terrain Symbols

  25. Airport Symbols

  26. §6.2.2.2 Navaid Symbology • Navaid facilities • Marker beacons • Facility information boxes

  27. Navigation Facilities Front Course Back Course Offset Facility

  28. VOR & NDB

  29. Marker Beacons

  30. Facility Information Boxes Information box (es) with shadow means that it is used as the main navaid when acting final approach.

  31. §6.2.2.3 Flight Track Symbols Approach procedure flight track Missed approach track Visual flight track High level track

  32. Magnetic Bearings and Courses True Course Magnetic Heading (Routes without radio aids guidance) Magnetic Course

  33. Radial Radial Radial Radial

  34. Course Reversals and Procedure Turns

  35. Holding Pattern

  36. §6.2.2.4 Airspace Fixes • Fixes and Reporting Points • Waypoints • Computer Navigation Fixes (CNFs) and Database Identifiers

  37. There are basically two categories of fixes, reporting points, and/or waypoints:

  38. DME Fixes

  39. Waypoints

  40. Example 1 Non-precision Approach Chart

  41. Example 2 Precision Approach Chart

  42. Example 3 Base Turn Approach Procedures

  43. Example 4 Racetrack pattern Approach Procedures

  44. Example 5 Procedure Turn Approach Chart

  45. §6.2.3 Profile View The profile view schematically(直观地） portrays a side view of the approach procedure flight path. It begins at the same location as the plan view and contains many of the same symbols; however, it is not drawn to scale.

  46. The symbols in profile view include: • Flight tracks, including bearings, distances, times, course reversals, • Airspace fixes, including FAF, stepdown fix, MAP, visual descent points, and makers • Altitudes, including the recommended descent altitude/height • Conversion table missed approach points, • Lighting and missed approach icons

  47. §6.2.3.1 Descent Flight Tracks Glide Slope High level approach track (non) Precision Approach MLS Glide Path Non-precision Glide Slope Visual flight track

  48. Outbound limited by DME Outbound limited by Time

  49. §6.2.3.2 Airspace Fixes The flight track from intermediate approach course to final approach course is defined by Marker Beacons, Fixes, Waypoints and Navaids on the profile view. MAP FAF/FAP Fix Navaid

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