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Models of Illness

Models of Illness. Dr Bruce Davies. Why Models?. What is an illness? What is health? Not just the absence of disease. Many ways of looking at what constitutes health and disease. Roles. Help us understand our role and the needs of patients. Why? Illness behaviour. Fashion.

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Models of Illness

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  1. Models of Illness Dr Bruce Davies

  2. Why Models? • What is an illness? • What is health? • Not just the absence of disease. • Many ways of looking at what constitutes health and disease.

  3. Roles • Help us understand our role and the needs of patients. • Why? • Illness behaviour. • Fashion. • Social context. • Political context.

  4. Illness Models • Magic model. • Moral model. • Political model. • Behavioural model. • Psychoanalytical model. • Cognitive dissonance model.

  5. Illness Models • Systems theory model. • Anti-psychiatric model. • Radical model. • Sociological model. • Humanistic model.

  6. Magic Model • Said to be common in Haiti, perhaps a rather condescending idea! • The western model of “it’s a viral infection” is however identical!

  7. Moral Model • Retribution for deviant behaviour. • Where the blame is shifted to the patient. • “Perhaps that will teach you to do as you are told and keep your coat on.”

  8. Political Model • Improved working conditions will treat back pain. • Higher pensions will make all the elderly well. • Better housing etc.

  9. Behavioural Model • Manipulative behaviours. • Compensation claims. • Secondary gains. • What are they getting out of it? • Enhanced benefits if unemployed.

  10. Psychoanalytical Model • Illness is the ego’s attempt to defend itself against unresolved unconscious conflicts. • Why is cancer more likely within 18 months of a bereavement?

  11. Cognitive Dissonance Model • Discrepancy between self-image and reality. • Classic example is anorexia nervosa.

  12. Systems Theory Model • Regulating factor modifying or stabilising a family’s interpersonal processes. • For example asthma in a 6 year old, in a marital breakdown.

  13. Anti-psychiatric Model • Illness is “A booby prize for being the loser in a family’s internal power struggle”

  14. Radical Model • An invented label. • The monopolistic medical profession. • Why to rates of common operations (i.e. hysterectomy) vary with out measurable effects on health?

  15. Sociological Model • Illness is what you call it if you want a doctor to deal with it – ie delinquency. • Anti-social behaviour is what you call it if you want the legal system to deal with it – ie delinquency • etc

  16. Humanistic Model • Illness is a sign of frustrated human potential.

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