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Modern Art and Architecture, 1850-1914

Modern Art and Architecture, 1850-1914. From Realism to Dada. Key Questions, 2/19. Analyze the trends in art in the period, 1850-1914, and the extent to which they challenged traditional ideas of aesthetics. How do the artistic and cultural trends illustrate the “mood” prior to WWI?. REALISM.

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Modern Art and Architecture, 1850-1914

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  1. Modern Art and Architecture, 1850-1914 From Realism to Dada

  2. Key Questions, 2/19 • Analyze the trends in art in the period, 1850-1914, and the extent to which they challenged traditional ideas of aesthetics. • How do the artistic and cultural trends illustrate the “mood” prior to WWI?

  3. REALISM • Response to Romanticism • Dominant style circa 1850-1875 • Focus on life as it is really lived—”warts and all” • Connection to problems of industry, urbanization, mass politics • Connection to literature, science, medicine Gross Clinic by Eakins

  4. The Sower by Millet

  5. REALISM: THE WORKING CLASS • Jean-Francois Millet (1815-74) • Honore Daumier (1808-79) • Gustave Courbet (1819-77) Third Class Carriage by Daumier

  6. The Stonebreakers by Courbet

  7. The Gleaners by Millet

  8. PHOTOGRAPHER – CHANGING REPRESENTATIONS • Photography developed in the middle of 19th c. • Changed task of painter from chronicler and representation to imagination, abstraction • Photojournalism to highlight social problems • Jacob Riis—Dutch-American Riis – Tenement home

  9. Jacob Riis

  10. Jacob Riis

  11. Rebel Sharpshooter by Alexander Gardner

  12. SCULPTURE • Auguste Rodin (1840-1917) • Most famous for “The Thinker” • Sought to imitate impressionists with effect of light and shade Rodin – Man with Broken Nose

  13. Rodin’s – The Thinker

  14. TRANSITION • Eduard Manet and James Whistler • Move toward abstraction • Ruskin case and role of critics • Challenge to traditional aesthetic motifs • Move away from shadowing Manet’s The Fifer

  15. Nocturne in Gold and Blue: Falling Rocket by Whistler

  16. IMPRESSIONISM Cassatt’s Mother and Child • Influence of photography • Interest in light, shadow • Focus on everyday life—street scenes, still lives, parks, etc. • Interest in how objects change in light over time • Exhibited their works together

  17. CLAUDE MONET (1840-1926) • Named the movement • Focus on subtle nuances of color and light • Famous for haystacks, water lilies, Notre Dame Cathedral

  18. Monet’s Haystack

  19. Monet’s Water Lilies

  20. Monet’s Water Lilies

  21. Monet’s Boaters

  22. OTHER IMPRESSIONISTS • Pierre Auguste Renoir (1841-1919) • Edgar Degas (1834-1917) • Mary Cassatt (1844-1926)—American

  23. Renoir’s The Boater’s Party

  24. POST-IMPRESSIONISM • More interested in form and structure than Impressionists • Focus on broad fields of color • Beginnings of movement away from clear and distinct representation • Van Gogh, Seurat (1859-91) Toulouse-Lautrec (1864-1901) • Pointillism—related Toulouse-Lautrec’s At the Moulin Rouge

  25. Saturday Afternoon by Seurat

  26. VINCENT VAN GOGH (1853-90) • Began in realist style • Sold only 1 painting in his lifetime • Famous for swirling, passionate brushstrokes • Used yellow (ran out), influenced by Japanese art • Difficulty with others • Suicide (archetype of “tortured artist”) Billiards by Van Gogh

  27. Sunflowers by Van Gogh

  28. Self-Portrait by Van Gogh

  29. Starry Night by Van Gogh

  30. EXPRESSIONISM • More interested in breaking bonds of previous traditions • Abstraction and subjective experiences • 1905 Fauvist Exhibit • Henri Matisse (1869-1954), Paul Cezanne (1839-1906), Paul Gauguin (1848-1903), James Ensor (1860-1949), Edvard Munch 1863-1944) The Scream by Munch

  31. Woman with the Green Stripe by Matisse

  32. USE OF COLOR

  33. SUBJECTIVITY AND ABSTRACTION

  34. CUBISM • Influence of relativity theory • Looking at objects from multiple perspectives • Sense of time as not absolute • Founders: Pablo Picasso (1881-1973), Georges Braque (1882-1963) Braque

  35. Braque Untitled

  36. Braque Untitled

  37. PICASSO (ONE OF TWO PAINTERS THE 100)

  38. Picasso’s Blue Dove

  39. Picasso’s Poet

  40. Picasso Self-Portrait

  41. Picasso’s Loki

  42. FUTURISM • Interest in science and technology • Critical of traditional artistic motifs—religious scenes, nudes, history, etc. • Issued manifestoes that called for change, by destruction if necessary • Died out after World War I • Umberto Boccioni

  43. Dynamism of a Cyclist byBoccioni

  44. DADAISM • Anti-art movement on eve of WWI • Name refers to meaningless childish babble • Questions traditional bases of art • Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968) founder Duchamp

  45. MODERN ARCHITECTURE • “Form follows function” • Focus less on ornamentation, more on building reflecting its use • “A box with windows” • New building materials—steel and reinforced concrete • Louis Sullivan (1856-1924) and Frank Lloyd Wright (1869-1959)—Prairie Style Sullivan’s Carson Pierre Scott Building

  46. Sullivan’s Wainwright Building

  47. Frank Lloyd Wright – Oak Park, Illinois

  48. Frank Lloyd Wright’s Roby House Hyde Park, Chicago

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