Art and Architecture

1. Art and Architecture • Dark Ages through the Archaic Period

2. The Dark Age • c. 1000 - 750 BCE

3. Proto-Geometic Pottery • c. 1000 - 800 BCE

4. Terra-Cotta Centaur c. 950

5. Proto-Geometic Krater c. 950

6. Proto-Geometic Amphora c. 950

7. Geometric Pottery • c. 800 - 700 BCE

8. The “Dipylon Krater c. 750 BCE

9. Detail of the krater

10. The “Theban Krater” c. 700 BCE

11. The Archaic Period • c. 750 - 479 CE

12. Pottery of the Archaic Period • c. 700 - 479 BCE

13. The Oriental Phase • c. 700 - 600 BCE

14. There are three clearly distinguishing features of the Orientalized period: 1. Extravagant ornamentation 2. Floral motif 3. mythological animals

15. “Analotos Amphora” c. 675

16. The “Animal Pitcher” c. 650

17. Proto-Corinthian Aryballos c. 650

18. Corinthian Olpe c. 600

19. “The Blinding of Polyphemus” amphora c. 650

20. Though the Greeks would copy their eastern neighbors during the late phase of the Dark Age, they would become suspicious of extravagance in the Archaic Period. Realism and balance would come to dominate what would be distinctively Greek art.

21. Archaic Pottery • c. 600 - 479 BCE

22. Black Figure Pottery

23. “Black Figure” pottery derives its name from the method of glazing the clay. Rudimentary shapes would be glazed (in black) and detail would be added by etching lines into the glaze after firing.

24. “The Achillies” amphora c. 530

25. “The Suicide of Ajax” c. 540

26. “Dionysus” kylix c. 540

27. “Heracles and the Nemean Lion” amphora c. 525

28. “Heracles” detail

29. In each of these examples we see black figures crated by the glaze and etching . So, “Black Figure” pottery is easy to identify by its black figures!

30. Red Figure Pottery

31. Greek potters later learned that even more detail could be produced by reversing the glazing process producing a “negative effect.” This style came to be know as “Red Figure” since the figures are the color of the clay, highlighted by the glaze.

32. Note how the black glaze causes the figures to stand out in more detail.

33. On this amphora we see both styles combined for added effect (c. 540)

34. Black Figure Red Figure

35. Archaic Architecture

36. Not only does the Archaic Period see dramatic innovation in pottery, it is also the period when distinctively Greek Architecture begins to appear.

37. Greek architecture is divided into three distinct phases: 1. Doric 2. Ionic 3. Corinthian

39. The Doric style, with its thick unadorned columns, dominates the Archaic period. The Ionic and Corinthian orders will emerge in the Classical period.

40. Major parts of Doric Temples

41. Basilica, Paestum Italy c. 550 BCE

42. Column Detail

43. Temple of Hera Paestum, Italy c. 460 BCE

44. Temple of Aphaia Aegina, Greece c. 500 BCE

45. Plan and Reconstruction of Temple of Aphaia

46. Temple of Concordia Agrigento, Italy c. 430 BCE

47. Archaic Sculputre

48. Votive Figures

49. Stone statuary of the Archaic Period is dominated by two different types of art with two different functions: Pedimentery sculpture as decoration on public buildings and votive figurines used for religious purposes in temples.

50. Votive sculpture most often represents male and female youth and are thus categorized as Kouros (young male) and Kore (young female) statues.