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Choosing the Right Communication Medium. Oral Communication provides more immediate feedback contains more nonverbal cues Written Communication good for conveying high quantities of information can reach more people. Hierarchy of Media Richness. Rich. Overloaded Zone (Waste of
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Choosing the Right Communication Medium • Oral Communication • provides more immediate feedback • contains more nonverbal cues • Written Communication • good for conveying high quantities of information • can reach more people
Hierarchy of Media Richness Rich Overloaded Zone (Waste of Resources) Media Richness Oversimplified Zone (Transmission not Adequate) Lean Routine/clear Nonroutine/Ambiguous Appropriate Situation (Message Contents)
Why People Have Difficulty Communicating • Sending Problems • Medium not Appropriate • Language Not Understood by Receiver • e.g., Imprecise, Ambiguous, or Foreign to Receiver • May be due to Culture, Education, etc. • Mixed messages • Inconsistencies among verbal and nonverbal cues • Sender does not solicit Feedback
Why People Have Difficulty Communicating • Receiving Problems • Poor Attention (Listening, Reading, etc.) • Selective Perception • Closure • Due to motivation, emotions, past experience, culture, etc. • Receiver does not give Feedback
Five Bases of Power (Influence) • Legitimate power:Based on position or formal authority. • Reward power:Promising or granting rewards. • Coercive power:Threats or actual punishment. • Referent power:Power of one’s personality (charisma). • Expert power: Influence based on being perceived as having important knowledge or skill.
Bases/Types of Power Industrial Workers’ Perceptions of Frequency of Use (Ranks) Legitimate - 1 Reward - 3 Coercive - 5 Referent - 4 Expert - 2