HSLA Review Packet

1. HSLA Review Packet

2. Basic Chemistry • An atom is a basic chemical building block of matter. An atom consists of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Particle Charge Location Proton Positive In nucleus Neutron Neutral nucleus Electron negative Orbits the nucleus

3. Which particles determine the mass of an atom? The number of protons plus the number of neutrons • Which particle refers to the atomic number for an element? Protons

4. 4. Identify the atomic number and the atomic mass for this element. • atomic number _1_ • atomic mass __1.0079_

5. Measuring Matter 1. How is density calculated? Density = mass/volume 2. What is the density of an object with a volume of 15cm3 and a mass of 45g? • 3.0 g/cm3 3. What is the density of an object with a volume of 30cm3 and a mass of 60 g? • 2.0 g/cm3 4. What is the density of an object with a volume of 30 cm3 and a mass of 25g? • 0.83 g/cm3

6. 5. Use the densities to describe the placement of each of these objects in a container of water (the density of water is 1.0 g/cm3). The object with a density of 0.83 g/cm3 will float in water; the other two objects will sink in the container.

7. Structure of the Interior of Earth The Earth's interior consists of rock and metal. It is made up of four main layers. Describe each layer in terms of temperature, composition, and thickness.

9. The crust and the mantle can be divided into the lithosphere and asthenosphere. Describe each of these layers.

11. Minerals • What is a mineral? a solid with a crystalline structure that is naturally occurring, with a defined chemical composition.

12. Use the table below to describe the properties of minerals.

14. 1. Minerals can also be classified according to color. Which minerals are silicates that are low in iron and magnesium and light in color? Felsic 2. Give an example of the type of mineral described in number 4 and write the chemical formula. Quartz (SiO2) 3. Which minerals are silicates that contain higher levels of iron and/or magnesium and are dark-colored? Mafic

15. 4. Give an example of the type of mineral described in number 6 and write the chemical formula. Olivine ((Fe, Mg)2SiO4) 5. According to the table, which mineral is capable of scratching garnet? Corundum

16. Rocks • What is a rock? A mixture of minerals, mineraloids, glass, or organic matter

18. Draw a diagram of the rock cycle below. Use the terms in #3 in your diagram to show the processes that form rocks.

20. 2. Which is an example of chemical weathering? • Ice wedging • Oxidation • Plant growth

21. 3. What is metamorphism? the changes in the composition and/or texture of a rock that result from increasing pressure and/or temperature. 4. What are two types of metamorphism? Describe each. Contact metamorphism occurs when rocks come in contact with a heat source. Regional metamorphism occurs when a large area of rock undergoes increased temperatures and pressure.

22. 3. What type of metamorphism is described in this example? Marble is created from limestone that has been subjected to heat from an igneous intrusion. 4. What are factors that increase the rate of weathering? Higher temperatures, increased water flow, increased surface area

23. 3. Sedimentary rocks form from sediment . Explain how sediments are deposited along the bottom of an ocean floor according to size. The largest sediments are deposited near the shore. Increasingly smaller sediments settle out farther from the shore where the water is calmer.

25. 2. How does the cooling rate of an igneous rock affect its’ texture? Give and example of a rock with slow cooling rate and fast cooling rate. Quick cooling = fine grains (pumice)/slow cooling = coarse grains (granite)

26. 2. Describe the texture of a foliated and nonfoliated metamorphic rock. Foliated metamorphic rocks have layers or bands of crystals (gneiss/slate). Nonfoliated metamorphic rocks do not have layers or bands of crystals and are usually more uniform (marble/quartzite)

27. Weathering 1. What is weathering? The process that breaks rocks down into smaller particles