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Digestive System

Learn about the phases of digestion including ingestion, movement, mechanical and chemical digestion, absorption, and elimination. Discover the types of digestion, including mechanical and chemical processes, and explore the organization of the digestive system. Understand how the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine work together in the digestive process. Dive into the functions of accessory organs like the liver, gall bladder, and pancreas, and test your knowledge with a fun quiz.

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Digestive System

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  1. Digestive System

  2. Digestion • Phases Include • Ingestion • Movement • Mechanical and Chemical Digestion • Absorption • Elimination

  3. Digestion • Types • Mechanical (physical) • Chew • Tear • Grind • Mash • Mix • Chemical • Enzymatic reactions to improve digestion of • Carbohydrates • Proteins • Lipids

  4. Digestive System Organization • Gastrointestinal (Gl) tract • Tube within a tube • Direct link/path between organs • Structures • Mouth • Pharynx • Esophagus • Stomach • Small intestine • Large Intestine • Rectum 4

  5. Mouth • Teeth mechanically break down food into small pieces. Tongue mixes food with saliva (contains amylase, which helps break down starch). • Epiglottis is a flap-like structure at the back of the throat that closes over the trachea preventing food from entering it. It is located in the Pharynx.

  6. Esophagus • Approximately 20 cm long. • Functions include: • Secrete mucus • Moves food from the throat to the stomach using muscle movement called peristalsis • If acid from the stomach gets in here that’s heartburn. Mouth, Pharynx and Esophagus Video

  7. Stomach • J-shaped muscular bag that stores the food you eat, breaks it down into tiny pieces. • Mixes food with Digestive Juices that contain enzymes to break down Proteins and Lipids. • Acid (HCl) in the stomach Kills Bacteria. • Food found in the stomach is called Chyme.

  8. Small Intestine • Small intestines are roughly 7 meters long • Lining of intestine walls has finger-like projections called villi, to increase surface area. • The villi are covered in microvilli which further increases surface area for absorption. Crash Course Review

  9. Small Intestine • Nutrients from the food pass into the bloodstream through the small intestine walls. • Absorbs: • 80% ingested water • Vitamins • Minerals • Carbohydrates • Proteins • Lipids • Secretes digestive enzymes

  10. Large Intestine • About 1.5 meters long • Accepts what small intestines don’t absorb • Rectum (short term storage which holds feces before it is expelled).

  11. Large Intestine • Functions • Bacterial digestion • Ferment carbohydrates • Absorbs more water • Concentrate wastes

  12. Accessory Organs The Glands • Not part of the path of food, but play a critical role. • Include: Liver, gall bladder, and pancreas

  13. Liver • Directly affects digestion by producing bile • Bile helps digest fat • filters out toxins and waste including drugs and alcohol and poisons.

  14. Gall Bladder • Stores bile from the liver, releases it into the small intestine. • Fatty diets can cause gallstones

  15. Pancreas • Produces digestive enzymes to digest fats, carbohydrates and proteins • Regulates blood sugar by producing insulin Web Page Reinforcement Video

  16. Now it's... QUIZ TIME!

  17. On a sheet of paper, write the name of each colored organ: • Green: • Red: • Pink: • Brown: • Purple: • Green: • Yellow:

  18. Great Job! How’d you do? • Green: Esophagus • Red: Stomach • Pink: Small Intestine • Brown: Large Intestine • Purple: Liver • Green: Gall Bladder • Yellow: Pancreas

  19. References and Links • Your Digestive System and How It Works • Digestive system diagram comes from this site • The Real Deal on the Digestive System • Pancreas: Introduction and Index • Your Gross and Cool Body - Digestive System • Laurentian Regional High School Data Base - you must know the Username and Password

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