151 MODERN METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION (PART 1)

1. 151MODERN METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION(PART 1) Dr f Dejahang (BSc CEng, BSc (Hons) Construction Mgmt, MSc, MCIOB, PhD)

2. MODERN METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION Revisions to Building Regulations • Building Regulations in the past were only concerned only with the health and safety of people in and around buildings. • More recently the Regulations have been broadened to cover the performance of buildings. • This includes thermal and acoustic performance.

3. MODERN METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION • House builders are concerned with meeting higher standards, but with the prospect that performance might be tested after construction. • This can lead to costly remedial work if performance falls short of the standard required.

4. MODERN METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION • Some house builders are looking at MMC as a potential way of providing more predictable performance in the completed dwelling.

5. WHAT ARE MODERN METHODS OFCONSTRUCTION? • Modern methods of construction is a collective term used to describe a number of construction methods. • The methods being introduced into UK house building differ significantly from so-called conventional construction methods such as brick and block.

6. MODERN METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION Housing Corporation-classification system for dwellings • Off-site manufactured – Volumetric • Off-site manufactured – Panellised • Off-site manufactured – Hybrid • Off-site manufactured – Sub-assemblies and components • Non off-site manufactured modern methods of construction

7. MODERN METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION • Definition based on attributes such as efficiency and quality. • Most MMC being constructed at present is subject to Housing Corporation grants. • The information in this PPT is therefore based on that system

8. Volumetric construction • Three-dimensional units produced in a factory, fully fitted out before being transported to site and stacked onto prepared foundations to form the dwellings

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10. MODERN METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION • VOLUMETRIC / MODULAR CONSTRUCTIONVolumetric construction (often referred to as modular construction) involves the production of three-dimensional units in controlled factory conditions, prior to transportation to site.

11. MODERN METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION • Modules can be delivered to site in a variety of forms • some may simply be a basic empty shell awaiting on-site finishing • others may have already been completely fitted out with all the necessary internal/external finishes and services, and be purely ready for on-site assembly.

12. MODERN METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION • The maximum size of a volumetric unit is only really determined by the practicalities of transportation, road and site access. • The strength and rigidity of the modules is a very important factor and must be sufficient enough to allow them to be securely transported and craned into place on-site without being damaged.

13. MODERN METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION • The majority of the volumetric construction in the UK to date has been used in: • Hotels • student accommodation • health authorities • NHS Trusts and fast food sectors.

14. MODERN METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION • Family-sized accommodation is becoming increasingly popular. • Terraced ‘town-house’ might typically be broken down in four basic modules, plus a roof and even possibly a dormer window module.

15. MODERN METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION • Weatherby Building System (WBS’s) range of systems are ideal for use with volumetric modules and include traditional polymer cement renders, thin-coat silicone & acrylic finishes and brick slip cladding, which can all be applied either prior to site delivery or after the modules have been finally positioned on-site.

16. MODERN METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION Some of the benefits of Volumetric Construction • More cost effective that traditional methods of construction • Rapid on-site assembly time • Improved quality • Reduced defects & snagging

17. MODERN METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION • Less disruption on-site • Better predictability and control • Good thermal, acoustic and wind resistant properties • Fantastic choice of external finishes available

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21. MODERN METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION ArquitectonicaTrinity PlaceSan Francisco, California

22. MODERN METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION ArquitectonicaTrinity PlaceSan Francisco, California

23. MODERN METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION • The buildings are conceived as a series of rectangular prisms that rest on each other.  • Each building has a different volumetric composition that results in an individual expression within the common vocabulary of the block. 

24. MODERN METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION • The arrangement of volumes is intended to form a multidimensional neighborhood of buildings, with some structures expectedly anchored firmly on the ground, some less expectedly suspended above other volumes, some informally overlapping. • A large vertical “gateway,” with a grand staircase, leads up to the interior park-like courty

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26. MODERN METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION Panellised construction systems • Flat panel units built in a factory and transported to site for assembly into a three-dimensional structure or to fit within an existing structure

27. MODERN METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION • Systems can include wall, floor and roof panels to create the complete structural shell. • Factory-made structural floor and roof panels are known as ‘cassettes’.

28. MODERN METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION There are many different types of panel, the Main-types are: • Open panels: panels delivered to site where insulation, windows, services and linings are fitted. • All structural components are visible.

29. MODERN METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION • Panels can be structural (transmitting load to the foundations) or non-structural (used as non-load bearing separating walls and partitions).

30. MODERN METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION • Closed panels: panels based on a structural framing system (such as the type used for open panel systems), which can have factory fitted windows, doors, services, internal wall finishes and external cladding. • The internal structural components can only be seen around the perimeter of the panel.

31. MODERN METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION • Concrete panels: structural wall panels, which can include cladding (often bricks or brick slips), insulation materials, windows and doors. • Composite panels: panels made from a combination of different materials that act together to provide structural support.

32. MODERN METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION • Structural insulated panels are a specific form of composite panel. • Structural insulated panels (SIPS): sandwich construction comprising two layers of sheet material bonded to a foam insulation core. • They do not rely on internal studs for their structural performance.

33. MODERN METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION • Used primarily as wall and roof panels. • Infill panels: non-loadbearing panels inserted within a structural frame. • Any type of panel can be used although framed panels are more common. • Masonry can also be used. • it

34. MODERN METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION • Curtain walling: vertical building enclosure system that supports no loads other than its own weight and the environmental loads that act upon

35. MODERN METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION Volumetric units integrated with panellised systems • Hybrid construction is also referred to as semivolumetric construction. • Highly serviced areas such as kitchens or bathrooms can be constructed as volumetric units, with the rest of the dwelling constructed with panels.

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37. MODERN METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION What is SIP's, Structural Insulated Panels?

38. MODERN METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION • Steel SIP's are engineered panels made from a dense core of EPS (expanded polystyrene) sandwiched between two exterior layers of galvanized steel, resulting in a solid one-piece that provides structural framing, insulation, and exterior sheathing. • The 200mm wide interlocking panels are strong

39. First few courses; note the sandy soil

40. Closer View of first few courses

41. First storey

42. Different wall thicknesses shown

43. External View

44. External View