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CHALLENGES OF HEALTH ECONOMICS AS APPLIED TO DENTISTRY

CHALLENGES OF HEALTH ECONOMICS AS APPLIED TO DENTISTRY. PRESENTER:DR ALBERT MNYANZILU MDENT COMMUNITY DENTISTRY CHAIRPERSON:DR SAYELA MDENT ORAL MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY. OUTLINE. DEFINITIONS OF KEY TERMS BRANCHES OF ECONOMY INTERACTION OF HEALTH AND THE ECONOMY

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CHALLENGES OF HEALTH ECONOMICS AS APPLIED TO DENTISTRY

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  1. CHALLENGES OF HEALTH ECONOMICS AS APPLIED TO DENTISTRY PRESENTER:DR ALBERT MNYANZILU MDENT COMMUNITY DENTISTRY CHAIRPERSON:DR SAYELA MDENT ORAL MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY

  2. OUTLINE • DEFINITIONS OF KEY TERMS • BRANCHES OF ECONOMY • INTERACTION OF HEALTH AND THE ECONOMY • TOOLS FOR ECONOMIC EVALUATION IN HEALTH CARE. • CHALLENGES OF HEALTH ECONOMICS AS APPLIED TO DENTISTRY. . • WAY FORWARD • REFERENCES

  3. DEFINITIONS OF KEY TERMS • Economics is the study of rational human behavior in the endeavor to fulfil needs and wants. • Health economics is a special branch of economic study which attempts to apply economic laws to health issues.(Economistic approach).

  4. DEFINITIONS OF KEY TERMS • Health economics is a joint arena in which economists and health care professional examine the effects of economic factors on health and how health and related factors affect economy.(Public health approach) • Utility: is the advantage or fulfillment a person receives from consuming a good or service.

  5. DEFINITIONS OF KEY TERMS • Equity can be defined as the opportunity to access health care whenever needed within reasonable time frame • Opportunity cost can be defined as the value of what is foregone in order to have something else/the value you give up for something else. • Marginal utility is the additional satisfaction or the amount of utility gained from extra unit of consumption.

  6. BRANCHES OF ECONOMY • Two branches namely; • (I)Macro economics which is the total output of a nation and the way the nation allocates its limited resources of land, labor and capital in an attempt to maximize production levels and promote trade and growth for future generations.

  7. BRANCHES OF ECONOMY • (II) Micro economics is the study of individual rational choice in the allocation of scarce resources to alternative uses. • Dentistry belongs under this branch of economy.

  8. INTERACTION OF HEALTH AND THE ECONOMY HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH ECONOMY

  9. TOOLS FOR ECONOMIC EVALUATION IN HEALTH CARE Common tools: • Cost-effectiveness analysis: goal vs least resource • Cost –utility analysis: costs vs benefits(quality adjusted life) • Cost-benefit analysis: costs vs benefits (monetary terms)

  10. CHALLENGES OF HEALTH ECONOMCS AS APPLIED TO DENTISTRY • Globally, all health economies are facing similar challenges. • The advent of new consumer technology is introducing even more challenges, or bringing older ones to the fore. • This disruptive technology promotes greater patient power.

  11. CHALLENGES OF HEALTH ECONOMICS AS APPLIED TO DENTISTRY • The most agile and forward-thinking health economies have the opportunity to revolutionize the way care is delivered, • And in doing so, to transform their societies.

  12. CHALLENGES OF HEALTH ECONOMICS AS APPLIED TO DENTISTRY • (I)Ensuring demand for dental services do not fall. But also retaining old patients and recruiting more new patients: • How could you ensure? • Reduce opportunity cost(cut down waiting time) • Raise utility value by increasing patient satisfaction • Reduce price for services

  13. CHALLENGES OF HEALTH ECONOMICS AS APPLIED TO DENTISTRY • (II) Marginal utility seen by consumers(dental patients): • Marginal utility can affect the demand for dental treatment by creating more desire to seek dental service so longer the consumer gets benefits in several dental attendances.

  14. CHALLENGES OF HEALTH ECONOMICS AS APPLIED TO DENTISTRY • (III) Opportunity cost- • Opportunity cost can affect demand for particular dental treatment by creating the desire towards seeking or not seeking particular dental treatment depending on the level of opportunity cost.

  15. CHALLENGES OF HEALTH ECONOMICS AS APPLIED TO DENTISTRY • (IV)Rising costs: Spending on healthcare almost invariably grows faster than GDP. • Macroeconomic factors like aging populations or insufficient public funding are challenging both receivers and providers of healthcare.(especially dental care).

  16. CHALLENGES OF HEALTH ECONOMICS AS APPLIED TO DENTISTRY • (V)Attaining equity for dental care: • This is a challenge as most people especially in rural areas do not access dental care due to different reasons(not able to pay for service, distance etc).

  17. CHALLENGES OF HEALTH ECONOMICS AS APPLIED TO DENTISTRY • (VI) Changing demographics : Service is in demand • There is increasing demand on the healthcare delivery organizations, and this is happening in every country. • People live longer thanks to advances in understanding of the causes of diseases, and consequent improvements in diagnostic techniques and treatments.

  18. CHALLENGES OF HEALTH ECONOMICS AS APPLIED TO DENTISTRY • (VII) Filling the resource gap/supply of dental personnel : as demand increases, there is a global shortage of clinicians. • The challenge is not limited to doctors/dental personnel either, as enrollment in nursing colleges has also fallen in some countries. • This is important to attain equibrium of demand and supply

  19. CHALLENGES OF HEALTH ECONOMICS AS APPLIED TO DENTISTRY • (VIII) Ethical challenge due to shortage of human resource: • Some countries seek to fill the gap by recruiting doctors and nurses from other countries, thus depriving those societies of their healthcare professionals. • Balancing patient’s needs and profits(moral obligation of dental professions to service society).

  20. CHALLENGES OF HEALTH ECONOMICS AS APPLIED TO DENTISTRY • (IX) Easy access : • As demand and spending increase, health economies increasingly will need to balance ease of access to their services against the cost of operating dental clinics/ hospitals.

  21. CHALLENGES OF HEALTH ECONOMICS AS APPLIED TO DENTISTRY • (X) Focus on quality : • What patients expect is changing • The quality of care is increasingly important – as patients begin to exercise their right to choose how and with whom they engage for their healthcare

  22. CHALLENGES OF HEALTH ECONOMICS AS APPLIED TO DENTISTRY (XI) Becoming customer-driven : Where the patient needs to be — at the heart of care. To address the needs of the expert patient, and to start the transition of healthcare to a demand-driven model.

  23. CHALLENGES OF HEALTH ECONOMICS AS APPLIED TO DENTISTRY • (XII) Patients exercising choice : • Healthcare systems are under close scrutiny by society. • With patients having a bigger say in what they choose and demand for, government policy is impacted and in turn, healthcare providers.

  24. CHALLENGES OF HEALTH ECONOMICS AS APPLIED TO DENTISTRY • (XIII) Balancing Costs and Patients' Health : • cost-effective organizing of dentistry and costs and benefits of interventions. • Need for dentists to utilize resources effectively, professional education can support the development of the perception that economic values can be compatible with professional ethical values.

  25. WAY FORWARD • We need partnership with different stakeholders such as health care professionals , health authorities, consumers of dental services to respond to the challenges facing dentistry.

  26. REFERENCES • 1.Risto Tuominen:Health Economics in Dentistry,Med Ed Malibu,Califonia. • 2.White BA and Anteczak-Boukoms A : Principle of health economics;In community oral health;Cynthia Pine(ed):Elsevier Limited,London • 3.Franzen C: Balancing Costs and Patients' Health: Dental Students’ Perception of Economics in Dentistry Volume 5, No 3 (2015) http://dx.doi.org/10.7577/pp.927

  27. REFERENCES • 4. Holmes RD:Managing resources in NHS dentistry: using health economics to inform commissioning decisions. Holmes et al. BMC Health Services Research 2011, 11:138.http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6963/11/138

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