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HEROES WHO STUMBLE HEROES WHO SOAR MY WILL BE DONE

HEROES WHO STUMBLE HEROES WHO SOAR MY WILL BE DONE . ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS. Some “administrative” matters Dialogue from 9:00 to 9:50 Break from 9:50 to 10:00 Dialogue from 10:00 to 10:30 Questions and answers from 10:30 to 10:45. How To Access the Slides.

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HEROES WHO STUMBLE HEROES WHO SOAR MY WILL BE DONE

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  1. HEROES WHO STUMBLE HEROES WHO SOAR MY WILL BE DONE

  2. ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS • Some “administrative” matters • Dialogue from 9:00 to 9:50 • Break from 9:50 to 10:00 • Dialogue from 10:00 to 10:30 • Questions and answers from 10:30 to 10:45

  3. How To Access the Slides 1. Go to www.fau.edu on a web browser. 2. Click on the words "Lifelong Learning." This takes you to a new page. 3. In this new page, click on "LLS Jupiter Home." 4. In this new page, place the cursor on the word "CLASSES." A dropdown menu should appear. 5. In this dropdown menu, click on "Our Winter Instructors." 6. Click on the picture of Tom O'Brien or Howard Shapiro. You will be taken to their instructor page. 7. In this new page, scroll down to see the list of links under "News and Notes." Click on the words "Click here" to download the PowerPoint slides. OR Enter the following into your browser: http://wise.fau.edu/divdept/lifelong/LLSJupiter/winter13_ instructor_obrien_shapiro.php

  4. Plan for Today • The Harvard Study on Prayer • The Four Gospels each have different “theologies” • The Passion and Crucifixion of Jesus of Nazareth in each of the Four Gospels • Questions and Answers

  5. Uniworld River Victoria with Tom O’Brien & Rabbi Howard ShapiroSeptember 26th to October 8thSailing from St. Petersburg to Moscow

  6. Interfaith Russian River Cruise www.uniworld.com/Destinations/Russia/Imperial_Waterways_of_Russia/2013 Additional Info: 1-800-243-3066

  7. Harvard Study on Prayer • Study in 2006 on Therapeutic Effects of Intercessory Prayer for patients with Coronary Artery Bypass • 1,802 subjects at 6 major hospitals randomly assigned to three groups • Group 1 – Told maybe get prayers; didn’t get them • Group 2 – Told maybe get prayers; did get them • Group 3 – Told would get prayers; got them • Outcomes: 1 and 2 about equal; 3 did worse • No “allowance” for “outside” prayers

  8. Gospels Generally Unique literary genre – Evangelion, “proclamation” of good news of salvation and that Jesus was Messiah Not “history” (GK: Istorio – separate genre since Herodotus in 5th Century BCE) Four canonical Gospels – impressionist paintings with different understandings of who/what Jesus of Nazareth was/is Christology becomes “higher” as time goes on Other Gospels (Thomas, Peter, Mary) found at Nag Hammadi in Egypt in 1945

  9. Evolution of Gospels from Oral Stage c. 30 CE – Teaching of Jesus, Crucifixion 30 to 50 CE – Formation of first JF communities 50 to 62 CE – Earliest writings (Paul) 70 to 95 CE – Writing of Gospels 90 to 110 CE – Writing of Gnostic Gospels

  10. Authorship of Gospels Gospel authorships – Anonymous • Analogy: “Law of Moses” or “Psalms of David” or “Wisdom of Solomon” • Names given in late 2nd Century CE to the Gospels

  11. The Four Gospels Two Groups • Synoptic Gospels (Mark, Matthew and Luke) “Synoptic” – same eye or view • Same basic outline and chronology (Jesus’ Baptism, Ministry, Passion and Death, and Resurrection) • Gospel of John • Different Chronology – 3 trips to Jerusalem • Different “signs” (miracles)

  12. Different “Portraits” in the Gospels Differences in theology and in emphasis Mark – Jesus as Suffering Servant Matthew – Jesus as the New Moses Luke – Messiah; Power of the Spirit Jesus as rejected eschatological prophet John – Jesus as Word (LOGOS) Incarnate “I AM” statements Jesus as the “Lamb of God”) (Paschal Lamb)

  13. “Higher” Christology The later the Gospel, the greater the emphasis on the Divinity of Jesus as compared to his humanity When Jesus “becomes” Divine Paul’s letters (49-62) – through the Resurrection Mark (c. 70) – At Baptism Matthew and Luke (c.85) – At Conception John (c.95) – Eternity (“In the beginning was the WORD, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God…. And the Word became flesh….”)

  14. Mark – Jesus, The Suffering Servant 10.45: For the Son of Man came not to be served but to serve, and to give his life a ransom for many. 14.24: He said to them, ‘This is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many.’ Isaiah 53.12: Because he poured out himself to death,and was numbered with the transgressors; yet he bore the sin of many, and made intercession for the transgressors. 

  15. Matthew – Jesus, the New Moses • Jesus as a baby was put at risk by Herod, just as the baby Moses was at risk from Pharaoh • Jesus goes to Egypt and comes back to Israel, just as Moses brought the Israelites to Israel • Moses went up on the mountain for the law; Jesus went up and gave the Sermon on the Mount

  16. Luke – Jesus the Messiah, Rejected Prophet Jesus is the “Anointed One” (4.18: The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he has anointed me to bring good news to the poor.) Spirit is the Force for the Action (1.35: The angel said to her, ‘The Holy Spirit will come upon you.’) Jesus is Rejected Prophet (7.16: Fear seized all of them; and they glorified God, saying, ‘A great prophet has risen among us!’ ; 13.33: “I must be on my way, because it is impossible for a prophet to be killed away from Jerusalem.”

  17. John – Jesus, the Word, the Lamb of God The WORD (LOGOS) – 1.1: In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. 1.14: And the Word became flesh and lived among us…. Paschal Lamb – 1.29:  [John the Baptist] saw Jesus coming towards him and declared, ‘Here is the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world! 1.36: As he [JTB] watched Jesus walk by, he exclaimed, ‘Look, here is the Lamb of God!’

  18. Elements of the “Passion” • Entry into Jerusalem (Palm Sunday) • Betrayal by Judas • Last Supper • Agony in the Garden (only in Synoptics) • Seizure by Authorities in Garden • Hearings by Sanhedrin and Pilate [and Herod] • Release of Barabbas • Flogging, Crown of Thorns, Carry Cross • Crucifixion, Death and Burial

  19. Entry into Jerusalem – The Crowd Shouts Mark: Hosanna! Blessed is the one who comes in the name of the Lord! Blessed is the coming kingdom of our ancestor David! Matt: Hosanna to the Son of David! Blessed is the one who comes in the name of the Lord! Luke: Blessed is the king who comes in the name of the Lord! Peace in heaven, and glory in the highest heaven!  John: Hosanna! Blessed is the one who comes in the  name of the Lord— the King of Israel!

  20. Judas Agrees to Betray Jesus Mark and Matt: “Trigger” is anointing of Jesus by a woman with nard (very expensive oil); Judas then went to the Chief Priests who promised him money (MK); gave him 30 pieces of silver (MT) Luke: “Then Satan entered into Judas called Iscariot, who was one of the twelve; he went away and conferred with the chief priests and officers of the temple police about how he might betray him to them. They were greatly pleased and agreed to give him money.”  John: Describes Judas as a thief. “The devil had already put it into the heart of Judas son of Simon Iscariot to betray him.” He brought the police from the high priests and the Pharisees to Gethsemane.

  21. Last Supper Synoptic Gospels Passover Meal Jesus predicts one of them will betray him Institutes the Eucharist John’s Gospel The evening before the First Day of the Passover Washes the disciples’ feet (no Eucharist) Tells Judas: “Do what you are going to do.” Gives a LONG (4 Chapters) Farewell Discourse

  22. Agony in Garden of Gethsemane Synoptics: He said, ‘Abba, Father, for you all things are possible; remove this cup from me; yet, not what I want, but what you want.’ Luke (in some versions, adds): In his anguish he prayed more earnestly, and his sweat became like great drops of blood falling down on the ground. John: There is no Agony in the Garden Note: “Gethsemane” means “oil press”

  23. Seized by Authorities in Gethsemane Persons with Judas Mark: Crowd from chief priests, scribes, elders Matt: No scribes Luke: Chief Priests, officers of temple police, elders John: Detachment of soldiers, police from chief priests and Pharisees Betray with a Kiss. MK and MT; tries in LK; not in John Cut off ear of High Priest’s Servant Healed by Jesus in LK; Peter and Malthus in John

  24. Variations in the Garden Events Matt. 26.53-54: Then Jesus said to him, ‘Put your sword back into its place; for all who take the sword will perish by the sword. Do you think that I cannot appeal to my Father, and he will at once send me more than twelve legions of angels? But how then would the scriptures be fulfilled, which say it must happen in this way?’  John 18.4-7: Then Jesus, knowing all that was to happen to him, came forward and asked them, ‘For whom are you looking?’ They answered, ‘Jesus of Nazareth.’ Jesus replied, ‘I am he.’ ….  When Jesus said to them, ‘I am he’, they stepped back and fell to the ground.  John 18.11: Jesus said to Peter, ‘Put your sword back into its sheath. Am I not to drink the cup that the Father has given me?’

  25. Hearing Before Sanhedrin In MK and MT, Jesus’ disciples desert him at Garden Peter follows from afar, but denies Jesus 3 times This “Hearing” is only in the Synoptic Gospels Doubtful historicity because this was the Passover Jesus mostly silent, but affirms (elliptically) that he is the Messiah, Son of the Blessed One (MK), Son of God (MT, LK) Jesus quotes Dan. 7.13 that Son of Man will be at right hand of the Power/God coming on clouds In John, Jesus appears only before Annas, the father-in-law of the High Priest, Caiaphas (more likely)

  26. Hearing Before Pilate In all four Gospels, Pilate asks “Are you the King of the Jews?” Jesus replies, “You say so” in the SynopticGospels and then is silent. In John, Jesus answers: ‘My kingdom is not from this world. If my kingdom were from this world, my followers would be fighting to keep me from being handed over to the Jews. But as it is, my kingdom is not from here.’ Pilate asked him, ‘So you are a king?’ Jesus answered, ‘You say that I am a king. For this I was born, and for this I came into the world, to testify to the truth. Everyone who belongs to the truth listens to my voice.’ Pilate asked him, ‘What is truth?’

  27. Release of Barabbas Pilate refers to a custom to release a prisoner at Passover, and asks the crowd whether to release Jesus or an murderer/insurrectionist named Barabbas. The crowd demands that Barabbas be released. Note: There is no evidence of this custom in Judaism A great irony is that “Barabbas” means “Son of the Father” – the title given to Jesus of Nazareth

  28. Persons calling for Crucifixion Mark: The “crowd” Matt 27.25: Then the people as a whole answered, ‘His blood be on us and on our children!’ Luke: The chief priests, the leaders and the people John 19.7: The Jews answered him, ‘We have a law, and according to that law he ought to die because he has claimed to be the Son of God.’ John 19.12: From then on Pilate tried to release him, but the Jews cried out, ‘If you release this man, you are no friend of the emperor. Everyone who claims to be a king sets himself against the emperor.’

  29. Flogging, Crown of Thorns, Carry Cross Pilate seeks to mollify the crowd – has Jesus flogged, but they still call for crucifixion Soldiers place crown of thorns on head (omitted in LK) Jesus carries the cross Would have only been the crossbeam Simon of Cyrene is forced to help (Synoptics only) John: “carrying the cross by himself” (Jn. 19.17) Place of Crucifixion is Golgotha (Skull) or Calvary

  30. “Antecedents” for the Crucifixion Accounts • Psalm 22 • Isaiah 50 to 53 • Amos 5.18, Amos 8.9, Joel 2.2, and Joel 2.31 which describe “The Day of the LORD”

  31. Crucifixion: Common Elements in Gospels Crucified between two others Inscription “Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews” John: in Hebrew (Aramaic), Latin and Greek Given sour wine/vinegar to drink (Ps. 69.21: “They gave me poison for food, and for my thirst they gave me vinegar to drink.”)  Soldiers cast lots for Jesus’ tunic (Ps. 22.18) Synoptics: Dark from noon to 3 pm. (“Day of the LORD”) MK and MT: “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?” (Ps. 22.1) MK and MT: Curtain of Temple torn at Jesus’ Death MK and MT: Centurion – “Truly this man was God’s Son.”

  32. Psalm 22 (Shown in Red) My God, my God, why have you forsaken me? (v.1 = Mark 15.34) All who see me mock at me; they make mouths at me; they shake their heads (v.7 = Mark 15.29) I am poured out like water, and all my bones are out of joint; … my mouth is dried up like a potsherd…. (vv.14-15 = Mark 15.23, 15.36) They stare and gloat over me; they divide my clothes among themselves, and for my clothing they cast lots (vv.17-18 = Mark 15.24)

  33. Isaiah 50 to 53 Isaiah 50.6: I gave my back to those who struck me, and my cheeks to those who pulled out the beard; I did not hide my face from insult and spitting.  Isaiah 53.5: But he was wounded for our transgressions, crushed for our iniquities; upon him was the punishment that made us whole, and by his bruises we are healed.  Isaiah 53.7-8: He was oppressed, and he was afflicted, yet he did not open his mouth; like a lamb that is led to the slaughter, and like a sheep that before its shearers is silent, so he did not open his mouth. By a perversion of justice he was taken away.

  34. Isaiah 53 (cont) Who could have imagined his future? For he was cut off from the land of the living, stricken for the transgression of my people. Isaiah 53.10: Yet it was the will of the Lord to crush him with pain. When you make his life an offering for sin, he shall see his offspring, and shall prolong his days; through him the will of the Lord shall prosper.  Isaiah 53.12: He poured out himself to death, and was numbered with the transgressors; yet he bore the sin of many, and made intercession for the transgressors. 

  35. “The Day of the Lord” Amos 5.18: Alas for you who desire the day of the Lord! Why do you want the day of the Lord?It is darkness, not light. Amos 8.9: On that day, says the Lord God, I will make the sun go down at noon, and darken the earth in broad daylight.    Joel 2.1-2: … For the day of the Lord is coming, … a day of darkness and gloom, a day of clouds and thick darkness! 2.31: The sun shall be turned to darkness….

  36. Special Aspects in Matthew and Luke Matt: Earthquake when Jesus dies, many tombs open and bodies of those asleep were raised (27.51-52) Luke: “Father forgive them; for they do not know what they are doing.” (23.34) To the repentant criminal: “Truly I tell you, today you will be with me in Paradise.” (34.43) As Jesus dies he cries with a loud voice: “Father, into your hands I commend my spirit.” (34.46) Centurion: “Certainly this man was innocent.”

  37. Special Aspects in John Jesus is in control of the situation His mother, Mary the wife of Clopus, and Mary Magdalene, and the disciple whom Jesus loved were at the foot of the cross (19.25) Jesus said to his mother: “Woman here is your son.” Jesus said to the disciple: “Here is your mother.” “After this, when Jesus knew all was finished, he said (in order to fulfill the scripture), ‘I am thirsty.’” After he received the wine, he said, “It is finished.” Like the Paschal Lamb, his legs were not broken (Ex. 12.46) and his side was pierced (Zech. 12.10)

  38. How To Access the Slides 1. Go to www.fau.edu on a web browser. 2. Click on the words "Lifelong Learning." This takes you to a new page. 3. In this new page, click on "LLS Jupiter Home." 4. In this new page, place the cursor on the word "CLASSES." A dropdown menu should appear. 5. In this dropdown menu, click on "Our Winter Instructors." 6. Click on the picture of Tom O'Brien or Howard Shapiro. You will be taken to their instructor page. 7. In this new page, scroll down to see the list of links under "News and Notes." Click on the words "Click here" to download the PowerPoint slides. OR Enter the following into your browser: http://wise.fau.edu/divdept/lifelong/LLSJupiter/winter13_ instructor_obrien_shapiro.php

  39. Interfaith Russian River Cruise www.uniworld.com/Destinations/Russia/Imperial_ Waterways_of_Russia/2013 Additional Info: 1-800-243-3066

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