Behaviors & Reproduction of sharks

1. Desiree Victoria Michael Behaviors & Reproduction of sharks

2. Behaviors • Sharks have sensitive receptors, for the protection of stimuli. • They have a lateral line organ, that detects vibrations and sounds over long distances. • Sharks detect electric fields given off by other organisms, the tiny pores that detect them are called ampullae of Lorenzini.

3. Behaviors (continued…) • The contraction of powerful muscles allow them to move extremely fast. • Many sharks have to be in constant motion, or they will sink to the bottom. • Sharks have constant tooth growth. • They have an oily liver, which increases shark buoyancy.

4. Reproduction • Internal fertilization • Male sharks have claspers, which are located between their pelvic fins, that allow them to transfer sperm into females. • Sharks have internal development. • Sharks can stay inside their mmothers for a long time before even being born. • They develop predatory instincts within their mother, and sometimes even eat their siblings.

5. Shark Attack Danny, Morgan, Tavieon

6. Groups of Fish’s Erica Miles George SmithJaleel McCrae

7. Jawless fishes • Only two classes of jawless fish Lampreys and Hag-Fishes • No teeth or jaws • No Vertebrate • Lamprey’s head takes up most of the body • Hagfish lack eyes • Hagfish feed on dead or dying fish

8. Sharks and their relatives • Class of Chondrichthyes • Relatives are rays, skates, and a few uncommon fishes • Most sharks has large curved tails • Also has a torpedo shaped body and pointed snout. • Not all sharks have fierce looking teeth

9. Bony Fish • Class of Osteichthyes • Belong to a group called ray-finned fishes • “ray-finned” refers to the slender body • Other type of species is lobe-finned • “lobe-finned” has supported bones

10. How To Save Sharks! • Tagging them. • Catch limits and quotas for commercial and recreational fishing and have been put into effect to protect various shark species. • Cut down fishing.

11. Info About Sharks • Shark is called an apex predator meaning that it is at the top of ocean food chain. • Some sharks take as long as 15 years to mature. • Sharks only reproduce once every two years and produce few off spring • Sharks have cartilaginous skeleton, instead of a heavy bony skeleton like land animals. • Sharks engage in different forms of communication. Although sharks are loners, they have the intelligence to communicate.

12. Cartilaginous Fishes By: Rasheed Oridedi Khalil Snead Daje Reeder

13. What is a Cartilaginous Fish? • Fish whose entire skeleton is composed of cartilage. • They are jawed fish • Have placid scales, tiny teeth that are deeply embedded in skin • Gill silts • Rigid fin

14. Cartilaginous Fish Cont. • Breathing holes, called spiracles, located on thei dorsal side behind each eye. • Ventral mouth (usually an adaptation for bottom feeding). • Inhabit coastal waters from Virginia to Brazil& the gulf of Mexico. • 24 or more teeth that stick out on each side. • Uses snout to stun & kill.

15. Sharks • 350 known species of sharks. • Smallest shark is pigmy shark (25cm long) • Largest of all fish- the whale shark

16. Fishes Tyquan Morgan, Jordan Manns, Kimberly Whittaker

17. General Info • Fishes are aquatic vertebrates: most fishes have paired fins, scales, and gills • Fins are used for movement, scales for protection, and gills exchanging gases. • Fishes were the first vertebrates to evolve.

18. Ancient Fishes • The evolution of jaws and the evolution of paired fins were important developments during the rise of fishes • The earliest fishes to appear in the fossil record were odd-looking, jawless creatures whose bodies were armored with bony plates

19. Form and Function in Fishes By Ebony McPherson Kenneth Sherrod Chaska Blackburn

20. Basic Info. • Adaptations to aquatic life includes various modes of feeding, specialized structures for gas exchange, and paired fins for locomotion.

21. Feeding and Respiration • Every mode of feeding is seen in fishes. • There are herbivores, carnivores, parasites, filter feeders, and detritus feeders. • One fish may exhibit multiple forms of feeding. • Food goes down the esophagus and to the stomach where it is partially digested. In many fishes the food is further processed in pyloricceca. • Most fish exchange gases through their gills, located on either side of the pharynx. • Most fish have one gill opening on each side, but sharks and sea lampreys have multiple.

22. Circulation and Excretion • Fishes have closed circulatory systems with a heart that pumps blood around the body in a single loop. • In most fishes the heart consists of four parts: • The sinus venosus – a thin-walled sack that collects blood from the fishes veins • Atrium – a large, muscular chamber that serves as a one-way compartment for blood • Ventricle – a thick-walled muscular chamber is the actual pumping portion of the heart • BulbusArteriosus – large, muscular tube • Fishes rid themselves of nitrogenous wastes in the form of ammonia

23. Response, Movement, and Reproduction • Fishes have a well developed nervous system organized around a brain. • Most fishes move by alternately contracting paired sets of muscles on either side of the backbone. • The eggs of fishes are fertilized externally or internally, depending on the species.