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Bovine and Equine Umbilical Ultrasound

Bovine and Equine Umbilical Ultrasound. G. Dykstra March 24, 2010. Bovine Umbilicus. 2 umbilical arteries Allantoic stalk (urachus) 2 umbilical veins anastomose within the body wall . Equine Umbilicus. 2 umbilical arteries Allantoic stalk (urachus) 1 umbilical vein. After Parturition.

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Bovine and Equine Umbilical Ultrasound

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  1. Bovine and Equine Umbilical Ultrasound G. Dykstra March 24, 2010

  2. Bovine Umbilicus • 2 umbilical arteries • Allantoic stalk (urachus) • 2 umbilical veins • anastomose within the body wall

  3. Equine Umbilicus • 2 umbilical arteries • Allantoic stalk (urachus) • 1 umbilical vein

  4. After Parturition

  5. Fetal Structure Destiny • vein → round ligament of liver • arteries → round ligament of bladder • urachus → atrophies

  6. If things go wrong… • Omphalitis • Omphalophlebitis • Omphaloarteritis • Omphalourachitis • Umbilical hernia • Patent urachus Remember, even if the external umbilicus looks normal there is could still be an infection!

  7. Preparation • Standing +/- sedation • Hair clip • 4 cm width • Xiphoid to prepuce/udder • Umbilicus to inguinal ring • 7.5-MHz transducer • Calves are clipped more on the RIGHT side

  8. Foal Anatomy

  9. Umbilical Vein • Calves • Travels more to RIGHT side cranially • May need left lateral recumbency • Largest diameter near stalk intraabdominally • Atrophies over time in calves • Foals • Scan on ventral midline • Little change for first month

  10. Calf External Umbilicus VU =UmbilicalVein US = UmbilicalStalk

  11. Calf Umbilical Vein at Liver VU = UmbilicalVein LI = Liver VP =PortalVein

  12. Foal Anatomy

  13. Umbilical Arteries & Urachus • Calves • Scanned adjacent to the bladder • Arteries end abruptly near apex of bladder • Urachus not visualized • Foals • Scanned near bladder • Arteries outline the urachus at bladder apex • Urachus not really well defined

  14. Foal Anatomy

  15. Foal Umbilical Arteries & Urachus

  16. But what does it all mean? • Calf abnormality • Vein > 1.5 – 2.5 cm diameter • Artery > 1 cm diameter • Visualizing the urachus • Foal abnormality • Vein > 1 cm diameter • Artery > 1.3 cm diameter • Combined urachus and arteries > 2.5 cm diameter

  17. Mean diameter (mm) of umbilical structures in clinically normal calves over time from birth Watson E, Mahaffey MB et.al. 1994 Am J Vet Res, 55(6); 773-782.

  18. Calf Umbilical Stalk

  19. Calf Infected Umbilical Vein Immediately Cranial to Umbilicus

  20. Calf Infected Umbilical Vein 10 cm Cranial and Right of Umbilicus

  21. Calf Umbilical Vein - Saggital

  22. Calf Urachal Abscess

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