PHOTOSYNTHESIS

1. PHOTOSYNTHESIS

2. Key Idea #12 • Photosynthesis transforms light energy to chemical energy which is used to form the key chemical building blocks of living organisms. http://techalive.mtu.edu/meec/module19/images/Photosynthesis.jpg

3. Light energy • is necessary for photosynthesis to occur. • is used by plants to combine materials from the air, water, and soil to produce carbohydrates, proteins, and fats (lipids). • can be in the form of sunlight or artificial light. http://www.petpitcher.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/4ft_terrarium.jpg

4. Two Step Process Step 1 • Captures light energy • occurs in the chloroplasts of cells • chlorophyll acts like a solar cell

5. Step 2 • Uses energy to make food • obtains water from the roots, and carbon dioxide through the stomata • chemical reaction makes glucose and oxygen

6. Xylem • Xylem tissues are tubes that carry materials from the roots to the leaves. • Roots soak up water and minerals from the soil. • Cells need minerals in their activities.

7. Phloem • Phloem tissues are tubes that carry sugar (glucose) away from the leaves to be used by other parts of the plant. FYI • In trees, phloem located just below the bark. • As the phloem cells form, they push out old phloem which makes up the bark.

9. http://www.edinformatics.com/math_science/alternative_energy/biomass/photosynthesis.gifhttp://www.edinformatics.com/math_science/alternative_energy/biomass/photosynthesis.gif

10. Photosynthesis Equation light energy (Sugar)

11. Glucose (C6H12O6) = Sugars (food) Sugars = Simple Carbohydrates http://www.annekeckler.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/03/glucose-molecule.gif

12. During the process of photosynthesis • plants uses light energy to produce simple carbohydrates (sugars/glucose). • plants use the sugars as the building block to make bigger carbohydrates and fats.

13. Carbohydrates • are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen • include simple sugars (glucose C6H12O6) • include starches (large complex sugar molecules)

14. FYI • An enzyme is a type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in living organisms. • When you eat starches like potatoes, breads, pasta, and rice enzymes break down the starch into glucose, so your body can burn it for energy.

15. Natural foods: body can process have nutritional value Examples: Fruits Leafy vegetables Beans Nuts Seeds Whole grain breads, pastas and cereals Processed foods: body doesn’t process well little nutritional value stored as fat Examples: Baked goods Snack foods Candy Non diet soft drinks White breads, pastas and cereals FYI: Good Carbs vs Bad Carbs http://www.goodcarbs.org/#what_are_good_carbs

16. Carbon Dioxide and Water • are the source of carbon, hydrogen, and water found in carbohydrates, proteins and fats (lipids). • are the raw materials in the photosynthesis equation:

17. Glucose (sugars) and Oxygen • are the products of photosynthesis

18. Plants (producers) • produce their own food using energy from light to make glucose (sugar molecules) from the atoms of carbon dioxide and water. • use sugars along with minerals from the soil to form fats, proteins, and larger carbohydrates which can be • used immediately • used by the plant as the plant grows • stored for later use. http://extension.oregonstate.edu/mg/botany/images/fig24.gif

19. Plants make, use, and store food • A seed contains stored food. • As it germinates, the seed shrivels as the growing seedling uses its stored food. • Plant parts rich in food value are nuts, seeds, roots (carrots and beets), and fruits • Animals get energy and useful materials by eating plants or plant parts. http://www.tomatosphere.org/teacher-resources/teachers-guide/images/transparency/seed-germination.jpg

20. Plants contain specialized food storage structures which include: • Roots • Tubers • Bulbs