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Anna Williams Scottish Senior Research Fellow and Honorary Consultant Neurologist

Anna Williams Scottish Senior Research Fellow and Honorary Consultant Neurologist. MS and Update on research. Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine. Project Base - Edinburgh. No 9, Bioincubator. MRC hub for Stem cell niche - £5.6 million . MRC Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine

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Anna Williams Scottish Senior Research Fellow and Honorary Consultant Neurologist

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  1. Anna Williams Scottish Senior Research Fellow and Honorary Consultant Neurologist MS and Update on research

  2. Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine

  3. Project Base - Edinburgh No 9, Bioincubator MRC hub for Stem cell niche - £5.6 million MRC Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine 230 Researchers Royal Infirmary 870 beds Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic – 1700 MS patients. 1/500 in Scotland Medical School 250 Researchers Clinical Research Facility MHRA Accredited Phase 1 Unit Clinical Research Imaging Centre Queen’s Medical Research Institute 650 Researchers Drug Discovery Core

  4. What causes MS? Young 1 in 500 in Scotland 2F:1M Genetics Family - 5%, Twin studies – 30% MZ Mac/Mc Genes – HLA DR2, IL7R,IL2R+ Immune/autoimmune – HLA DR2, periventricular plaques Latitude Guernsey 87/105 population Orkney 287/105 population Vitamin D Post-infective EBV, chlamydia, coxsackie, canine distemper virus, HHV6 Radon/ organophosphates/ whiplash/mercury fillings etc

  5. What is MS? Immune attack Oligodendrocyte precursor cells to remyelinate Neural protection

  6. There is an unmet need in MS therapy Inflammation neurodegeneration βIFN, Fingolimod, Natalizumab disability Teriflunomide, Fumarate, Alemtuzumab Progression Relapses time Anti-inflammatory drugs Neuroprotective therapies

  7. Neuroprotective strategies Demyelination Axon degeneration Promote axon survival as in MND, AD, stroke etc. Remyelination (inefficient)

  8. A stem cell can self-renew or differentiate SELF-RENEWAL (copying) DIFFERENTIATION (specialising) grow repair renew specialised cell e.g. muscle cell, nerve cell stem cell stem cell

  9. Different types of stem cells Tissue stem cells Embryonic stem cells Induced pluripotent stem cells Throughout life Cell from the body Pluripotent cell Genetically reprogrammed Blastocyst Embryonic stem cells Liver stem cells make liver cells Brain stem cells make brain cells etc Add varying factors to differentiate into any cell type Inner cell mass Add varying factors to differentiate into any cell type

  10. What is a stem cell? Pluripotent (embryonic) stem cell Induced pluripotent stem cell Gut stem cell Blood stem cell Skin stem cell Neural stem cell Cardiac stem cell Mesenchymal stem cell ? Fat Bone Immunecell Skincell Nerve Oligodendrocyte Cartilage

  11. What is required for remyelination? Demyelination Remyelination OPC (Tissue stem cell) Maturation Recruitment Anti- Lingo 1 abs RXRg ~10 other targets in rodent Chemorepellent Sema3A and its receptor neuropilin 1

  12. Stem cell transplant problems How do we get stem cells in? Multiple lesions Can they migrate? New lesions Where do we get them from? How will they know what connections to make? Some lesions repair themselves Danger – operations, drugs, infection, tumours

  13. Spinal cord injury – better bet How do we get stem cells in? One lesion Can they migrate? Where do we get them from? How will they know what connections to make? No new lesions Danger – operations, drugs, infection, tumours Very little repair

  14. Stem cell tourismPut ‘stem cell’ and ‘MS’ into Google – get almost 13 million hits STEM CELLS FOR HOPE

  15. Counter culture Stem Cell Fraud: A 60 Minutes investigation Stem cells in Texas: Cowboy culture Researchers Highlight Warning Signs On Adult Stem Cell Treatments STEM CELL TOURISM: SEEKING TREATMENT ON THE INTERNET AND PAYING FOR IT WITH YOUR LIFE Stem cell hype and the dangers of stem cell “tourism” ‘Stem cell tourism’ growing trend Panel decries overseas clinics that provide treatments devoid of scientific validity Desperate patients warned to avoid stem cell tourism abroad over unproven 'miracle' claims

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