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Spanish Imperialism: The Means. united state under Ferdinand & Isabella end of Christian-Islamic warfare Africa becomes a source of cheap labor long-range navigation developed by Portugal. Depiction of Racial Mixtures by Miguel Cabrera (1763)
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Spanish Imperialism: The Means • united state under Ferdinand & Isabella • end of Christian-Islamic warfare • Africa becomes a source of cheap labor • long-range navigation developed by Portugal Depiction of Racial Mixtures by Miguel Cabrera (1763) One of the few extant depictions of a mixed-race family in 1700s North America. The Spanish father and Indian mother have produced a mestiza daughter. Families such as this would have been frequently seen in New Mexico as well. (Private Collection )
Spanish Imperialism: The Motive • rivalry and advantage of the Portuguese • desire for cheaper trade routes to Asia (Southwest Passage) • spices and luxuries • profit (Cities of Gold) • Renaissance ideal of learning and adventure (Fountain of Youth) • spread Catholicism Depiction of Racial Mixtures by Miguel Cabrera (1763) One of the few extant depictions of a mixed-race family in 1700s North America. The Spanish father and Indian mother have produced a mestiza daughter. Families such as this would have been frequently seen in New Mexico as well. (Private Collection )
defeat of Spanish Armada Spanish overextension strong, unified state under popular monarch measure of religious unity vibrant sense of nationalism & national destiny treaty of peace with Spain (1604) development of joint-stock company English Imperialism:The Means Armada Portrait of Elizabeth I (1588) This portrait, painted when Elizabeth was 55 years old, shows the queen at the peak of her power. Through the left window, we can see Elizabeth's naval fleet; through the right one, we witness the Spanish Armada sinking in the stormy Atlantic. (By kind permission of the Marquess of Tavistock and Trustees of the Bedford Estate)
English Imperialism: The Motive • promote Protestantism • plunder Spanish ships and settlements • contempt for savage natives nurtured in the Irish struggle • glory for the home country • mushrooming population in England • economic depression in woolen districts • laws that disinherit middle sons • thirst for adventure and religious freedom • Northwest Passage Jamestown skeleton In 1996, archeologists working at Jamestown uncovered this skeleton of a young man they nicknamed "JR." JR was a European male, 5' 6" tall, between the ages of 19 and 22. We know that he bled to death from a bullet wound in his leg, but we don't know the circumstances of his death. (Kenneth K. Lyons/Newport News Daily Press)
French Imperialism: The Means • early land claims by the French in the Great Lakes region (Verrazano, Cartier, Champlain) • relatively little competition in far north from other colonists • relatively good Indian relations French Imperialism: The Motive • promote Catholicism • rivalry with English in Europe creates competition abroad • desire for profit to grow economy at home (fur trade) • glory for the home country • thirst for adventure • Northwest Passage View of Quebec, 1699, showing Canadian Indians (National Archives of Canada)