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Mineral status of Soil, Feed and Fodder for Dairy Animals in different

Mineral status of Soil, Feed and Fodder for Dairy Animals in different Agro-climatic Zones in INDIA Mayank Tandon National Dairy Research Institute Karnal, Haryana. Soil. Plant. Relationship. Animal. Minerals Required by the Dairy Animal (Under wood, 1981).

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Mineral status of Soil, Feed and Fodder for Dairy Animals in different

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  1. Mineral status of Soil, Feed and Fodder for Dairy Animals in different Agro-climatic Zones in INDIA Mayank Tandon National Dairy Research Institute Karnal, Haryana

  2. Soil Plant Relationship Animal

  3. Minerals Required by the Dairy Animal(Under wood, 1981) MACRO Minerals: Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, Chlorine, Sulphur MICRO Minerals: Iron, Zinc, Copper, Cobalt, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Chromium, Fluorine, Selenium Recently added in list: Arsenic, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, Tin, Aluminium, Lead & Rubidium.

  4. FUNCTIONS AND REQUIRMENT(Georgievskii etal.,1982)

  5. Cont…. ( Mc Donald et al., 1999)

  6. Cont….

  7. Some Metallo Enzymes in Animals (Georgievskii etal.,1982)

  8. Emerging Nutrient Deficiencies in soils as a Result of Increased Food Production (Swarup & Ganeshamurthy, 1998)

  9. Region-wise Fertilizer Use, Nutrient Removal and Gap(kg/ha)(Swarup & Ganeshamurthy, 1998)

  10. Cont…

  11. Different Agro-climatic Zones Are 15 :Planning Commission (1992), GOI Broadly are 5(4): Eastern,Western,Northern, Southern, (Central)

  12. Extent of Soil Micronutrient deficiency in Various States of India (Singh, 2001)

  13. Cont……(Indian soils ranged: 0.2-6.9mg(0.87) Zn, 0.1-8.2mg(2.1) Cu, 0.8-196mg(19) Fe, 0.2-118mg(21) Mn/kg soil)

  14. Cont…(Singh, 2001)

  15. Available SULPHUR in soils (Biswas, etal.,2004)

  16. PHOSPHORUS fertility status of soils of Indian stats(Motsara, 2002)

  17. Cont.. PHOSPHORUS

  18. INDIA Soils are Deficient : 42 % P, 40 % S 47 % Zn, 4.8 % Cu, 11.5 % Fe, 4 % Mn, 20 % B, 18 % Mo (Tripathi, 2003; Motsara, 2002; Biswas, et al., 2004)

  19. Specification for Mineral Mixture Type I and Type II: BIS

  20. Supplements for Animals (Chopra, 2005)

  21. cont…………… Supplements for animals

  22. Mineral status of Feeds and Fodder in Northern Region of India (mean values)

  23. Cont.. Northern

  24. Cont…. Northern

  25. Mineral content of Feeds and Fodder in Western Region

  26. Cont… Western

  27. Mineral content of Feeds and Fodder in Southern Region

  28. Cont…. Southern

  29. Mineral content of Feeds and Fodder in Eastern Region

  30. Cont… Eastern

  31. Cont…. Eastern

  32. Other Minerals • MAGNESIUM: (<0.20% of DM) • Gujarat: Mg levels in feed stuffs is adequate( 0.39%) • (Garg, 2002) • Roughages are poor to moderate in NE and Karnataka. • (Saha et al., 1997; Gowda et al;2002) • Haryana and Punjab are also poor to good. • (Singhal and Mudgal, 1984; Chopra and Hooda, 2002) • SULPHUR: (<0.20% of DM) • Rajasthan; Grains(0.16), Straws(0.13) are low. • (Garg et al., 2003) • Gujarat is normal to good (0.18-0.4) • (Garg, 2002)

  33. COBALT: (0.1ppm) Adequate Cobalt in Northern and Western Region (Singh and Chhabra, 1994; Garg et al., 1999) Assam forages contain less. (Barauh et al., 1999) In Haryana almost all the cultivated fodders, grasses and tree leaves contain Appreciable amount of Cobalt (Singhal and Mudgal, 1984) IODINE: (0.05-0.8 ppm) In, India hilly regions of Himalayas and Vindhyachal and Northern region is deficient. (Pailan and Singhal, 2003) In Haryana I status is as; Soil ( 0.10 ppm on DM), Berseem (0.70), Oats, ( 0.9), Jowar (0.67), Maize (1.1), Wheat straw (1.24)and Water (0.003 ppm) (Chopra et al., 2003)

  34. SELENIUM: (0.2-0.3 ppm) Gujarat is well above (0.2-0.8 ppm) (Patel and Mehta, 1970) Punjab high (up to 6.6 ppm) (Dhillon, 1972) Haryana, Punjab and Western UP in normal to high (Degnala)(Datt and Chhabra, 2004)CHROMIUM ( 0.2 – 4.5 ppm) Chromium were present in a few fodders but the tree leaves were free from it (Haryana) (Singhal and Mudgal, 1984) CADMIUM In Haryana agro-industrial byproducts, fodders, grasses and tree leaves were either free or had very low level (Singhal and Mudgal, 1984)

  35. Summery based on above slides for mineral deficiencies

  36. CONCLUSION Yes, there is need of Area Specific Mineral Mixtures.

  37. Mineral mixture for Northern Region.

  38. Mineral mixture for Western Region.

  39. Mineral mixture for Southern Region.

  40. Mineral mixture for Eastern Region.

  41. THANK YOU.

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