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What is a spatial data infrastructure?

What is a spatial data infrastructure?. Ian Masser Division of Urban Planning and Management, ITC. Context. Canberra GSDI presentation evaluated experiences of first generation of NSDIs. Present presentation builds upon these findings

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What is a spatial data infrastructure?

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  1. What is a spatial data infrastructure? Ian Masser Division of Urban Planning and Management, ITC

  2. Context • Canberra GSDI presentation evaluated experiences of first generation of NSDIs. • Present presentation builds upon these findings • Poses a number of questions about the nature of spatial data infrastructures for further debate

  3. Australia ALIC/ASDI 1986 USA FGDC/NSDI 1990 Qatar NCGIS/NGIS 1990 Portugal CNIG/SNIG 1990 Netherlands Ravi/NGII 1992 Indonesia Bakosurtanal/NGIS 1993 Malaysia NaLIS feasibility study 1994 Korea NGIS 1995 Japan NSDI 1995 Canada CGDI 1996 Britain NGDF 1996 The first generation of national spatial data infrastructures

  4. Common features • Explicitly national • Refer to geographic information, geospatial data or land information • Use terms such infrastructure, systems or framework

  5. Evaluation • Three main factors • Context: eg geographical and economic circumstances and systems of government • Driving forces • Key features: eg status, scope, access, implementation, resources

  6. Issues raised by study Three important questions raised by an evaluation of NSDI experiences: • What is a NSDI? • How national is a NSDI? • Why only national?

  7. What is a NSDI? • No general consensus • Two different positions • a product: (linked) database(s) • a process: strategy required to manage national information assets • Highlighted in distinction between National Geospatial Database and National Geospatial Data Framework in Britain

  8. The concept of infrastructure • Two contrasting positions further confuse the debate • notion of infrastructure limited to tangible assets like roads, railway networks (and databases) • Infrastructure seen not only in terms of tangible assets but also the individuals and institutions need to make it a functional reality

  9. Implications for access • Product position • access: informing users what data is available - metadata services • Process position • access: informing users what data is available - metadata services AND • taking steps to promote the usage of data - geographic information policy

  10. How national is a NSDI? • Considerable differences between NSDIs • Concept relative rather than absolute • US: FGDC federal in orientation - contrast with proposals for a National Spatial Data Council • Mandates • Legal: eg Portugal • Outgrowths from established mechanisms: eg Netherlands • ? Britain

  11. Why only national? • National not necessarily the most important level with respect to SDI development • Depends on the distribution of responsibilities between levels of government • Australia: key level 8 states and territories - ANZLIC is a council of coordinating councils

  12. From global to local SDIs • Global and regional SDIs • global and regional forums for collaboration and the exchanged of ideas and experiences • National SDIs • strategic bodies concerned with management of national information assets • Local SDIs • municipal and provincial bodies concerned with operational needs of day to day decision making

  13. Conclusions • Diversity of first generation of NSDIs • Not surprising given diversity of geographic and institutional factors involved in the different countries • But also points to considerable confusion regarding the purpose, scope and content of an SDI.

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