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Chapter 14 The Civil Rights Movement 1945– 1975

Chapter 14 The Civil Rights Movement 1945– 1975. Why is this man impt ?. Who is this woman ?. The Civil Rights Movement 1954 – 1968. Section 1 : Early Demands for Equality. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896). Supreme Court declares segregation constitutional ( legal).

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Chapter 14 The Civil Rights Movement 1945– 1975

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  1. Chapter 14The Civil Rights Movement 1945– 1975 • Why is this man impt ? • Who is this woman ?

  2. The Civil Rights Movement 1954 – 1968 Section 1 : Early Demands for Equality • Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Supreme Court declares segregation constitutional ( legal). • Laws that segregated African Americans . • African Americans had same rights ,but used separate facilities that were “EQUAL “. • Jim Crow Laws –de jure segregation • Segregated areas in buses,trains, parks, pools, • restaurants & other public facilities. • Poorer quality than White facilities. • De facto Segregation • Segregation by unwritten custom or tradition, e.g. – neighborhoods, dances churches restaurants & other public facilities.

  3. New Political Power • Before WW I , most African Americans lived in the South • Great Migration – African Americans moved to Northern cities, were allowed to vote. The Democratic party listened to their concerns/issues and so African Americans registered as Democrats.

  4. Push for Desegregation • During WW II , African Americans began to demand more rights,esp in the military. • CORE- Congress of Racial Equality founded by James Farmer/George Houser. Believed in NONVIOLENCE. • Began to use SIT-INS as form of protest. Attempted to desegregate restaurants that refused to serve African-Americans. Intended to shame restaurant managers into allowing African Americans to be served the same as White customers.

  5. Brown v. Board of Education . • Linda Brown – African American young girl • denied the right to attend her neighborhood • school in Topeka, Kansas. • Thurgood Marshall – NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) attorney argued before Supreme Court. for end of segregation in public schools. • SupremeCourt unanimously ruled segregation was unconstitutional & violated equal protection clause of 14th amendment.

  6. REVIEW • Explain the relationship between 2 court cases – Plessy v Ferguson & Brown v. Board of Education • Explain the Great Migration – what happened to the population in the South, in the North ? • Explain the difference between Jim Crow Laws and De Facto Segregation, give an example of each.

  7. Little Rock Arkansas • Court order requiring 9 African-American students to be admitted to all white Central H. S. • Gov. Orval Faubus, - • Was seeking re election. Although a moderate on racial issues he wanted to win the support of White voters. • Ordered troops form AK National Guard to prevent African American students from entering school to register. • Ordered to remove the troops, he left the school to the mobs of angry protesters who vandalized the school and scared students. • Eisenhower sends federal troops in to protect students. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xERXusiEszs

  8. Montgomery Bus Boycott • Boycott by African Americans of the bus system throughout Montgomery Alabama. Response to Rosa Parks being arrested. • Start of new era in civil rights movement – organized protests, defying laws that required segregation and demanded to be treated the same as whites. • Led by 26 year old Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. • Ph.D. in theology. • Followed teachings of Indian leader Gandhi – • NONVIOLENCE • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jJ1OO5iBWCQ

  9. African American Churches • Played critical role in the civil rights movement. • SCLC – Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Led by African American ministers ( Martin Luther King) : • goal to eliminate segregation from American society • Encourage African Americans to vote. • Challenged segregation at voting booths, public transportation, housing and accommodations.

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