Forty-Three Seconds over Hiroshima

1. Text B New words Reading Skills Unit 10 Section B Forty-Three Seconds over Hiroshima

2. Reading Skills Denotation and Connotation Denotation is the literal meaning of a word —what we find in a dictionary (本义). Connotation, on the other hand, is the implied meaning of a word—what a word suggests to us, or what it makes us feel or think (言外之意).

3. Reading Skills The word “die”, for example, means “stop living” in denotation. But in the sentence “Some die at 30 but are not buried until they’re 70”, the word “die” connotes “stop living spiritually” or “stop growing intellectually”.

4. Reading Skills In order to fully understand figurative language, or figures of speech, we need to be aware of the context in which the words appear. Generally speaking, the more we perceive the connotations of the words, the more we can understand how a writer wants us to feel or think.

5. Reading Skills Example 1 Night after night, in the hot summer and early fall of 1940, a deep, steady voice came over the Atlantic Ocean from England to America, telling of England’s battle for survival under the waves of German bombers. (Para. 1) Denotation: a line of water that rises up on the surface of the sea, lake, river, etc. Connotation: a quick succession of a certain intense activity (It has a rough, stormy, and unpleasant sense.)

6. Reading Skills Example 2 On September 7, 1940, nearly four hundred German bombers hammered the city with bombs in broad daylight. (Para. 6) Denotation: strike or beat as with the repeated blows, or the force of a hammer Connotation: attack with great force (It also has a sense of forcefulness and heavy casualty.)

7. Words and Expressions—Word Using Translation Key Word Using 1. innocent a. ① not guilty 她根本没有犯被指控的那个罪。 She is innocent of the crime with which she has been charged.

8. Words and Expressions—Word Using Translation Key 1. innocent a. ② suffering harm although not involved 数千名无辜的儿童在这次冲突中被杀害了。 Thousands of innocent children were killed in the conflict.

9. Words and Expressions—Word Using 2. explode v. 爆炸 ① burst violently A bomb exploded at San Francisco’s busiest railway station this morning. ② (of feelings) burst out suddenly explode into (with) loud laughter; explode with (in) anger ③increase very quickly The rapidly exploding population in some countries is a serious problem for their governments. 突然大笑 勃然大怒 迅速增长

10. Words and Expressions—Word Using Translation Key 3. stagger v. ① walk or move unsteadily as if about to fall (from carrying sth. heavy, being weak, drunk or injured, etc.) 遭到袭击后，他摇摇晃晃地走到电话亭打电话求救。 After he was attacked, he managed to stagger to the phone box to call for help.

11. Words and Expressions—Word Using Translation Key 3. stagger v. ② cause (sb.) to feel shocked or surprised because of sth. unexpected or very unusual happening 他突然宣布月底要离开公司，这使我们都大为吃惊。 He staggered all of us by suddenly announcing that he was leaving the company at the end of the month.

12. Words and Expressions—Word Using e.g. Translation Key 4. expose v. ① uncover or leave sb./ sth. uncovered or unprotected ②make known As a nurse in the war, she was exposed to many dangers. 呆在室内，不要把皮肤暴露在阳光下。 Keep indoors and don’t expose your skin to the sun.

13. Words and Expressions—Word Using e.g. Translation Key 5. layout n. a way in which the parts of sth. are arranged according to a plan In the new layout for the conference hall, the platform is to be placed at the western end. 这本书的设计者将不得不重新安排版面。 The book designer will have to redo the page layouts.

14. Words and Expressions—Word Using Translation Key 6. flesh n. ① the soft part of the body of a person or animal which is between the skin and the bones ② the body contrasted with the mind • The trap had cut deeply into the rabbit’s flesh. • His life was devoted to the pleasures of the flesh. • The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak. • 诱捕器深深得嵌进了兔子的肉里。 • 他一生放荡形骸。 • 心有余而力不足。

15. Words and Expressions—Word Using Translation e.g. Key 7. draw vi. move or go steadily or gradually Winter is drawing near. • 公共汽车开到路边，让轿车通过。 • 火车徐徐驶入/驶出车站。 • The bus drew in to the side of the road to let the car pass. • The train drew into/out of the station.

16. Words and Expressions—Word Using Translation Key 8. sway n. ① cause (sth. / sb.) move slowly from side to side ② persuade (sb.) to believe or do one thing rather than another • 她轻轻摇晃着婴儿，直到他睡着。 • 挑选职业时，不要只被将来有高薪的承诺 • 所打动。 • She swayed the baby gently until he went to sleep. • When you are choosing a career, don’t be swayed just by promises of a future high income.

17. Words and Expressions—Word Using e.g. 9. take sb. in ① allow sb. to stay in one’s house (esp. when the person is homeless or in trouble) ② (often passive) to make sb. believe sth. that is not true • Since her husband was not in, Nancy refused to • take in those two travelers for the night. • She took me in completely with her story. • Don’t be taken in by his charm—he is ruthless.

18. Words and Expressions—Word Using e.g. Translation Key 10. be seized with be affected by a strong feeling, desire, etc. suddenly and intensely He was seized with sudden chest pains. 那妇人心中充满了复仇的欲望。 The woman was seized with a desire to get even.

19. Words and Expressions—Word Using A Mini - Test 1. Her incredible story _____ the imagination. A. staggered B. swayed C. exploded D. exposed 2. She threatened to _____ me to the police. A. explode B. seize C. stagger D. expose

20. Words and Expressions—Old to New burst violently uncover, unprotected move slowly not guilty nothing more than; only move quickly a short look having plenty of space uncomfortable Old to New innocent mere explode expose roomy glimpse sway uneasy dash

21. Words and Expressions—C to E sink into unconsciousness emigrate to America in the spirit of adventure a life style flavored with American ways 陷入昏迷 移居美国 冒险精神 带有美国情调的生活方式 Chinese to English

22. Words and Expressions—C to E 比大多数日本人都高 内心充满恐惧 冲下山坡，奔向熊熊 的火焰 towered over most Japanese men be seized with fear dash down the slope of the hill toward the flames

23. Text Study- The Background The Background of Text B During World War II, Japan launched a sneak attack on the Peal Harbor, which provoked the war against the US. … the Pacific War began …

24. Text Study- The Background The Peal Harbor Attack

25. Text Study- The Background In order to defeat Japan, Truman, the U.S. President, decided to use the nuclear weapon. On August 6, 1945, an atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima.

26. Text Study- The Background Fires burned almost 4.4 square miles completely. The explosion killed between 70,000 and 80,000 people besides injuring more than 70,000 others. A second bomb, dropped on Nagasaki on August 9, killed between 35,000 and 40,000 people, injured alike number, and destroyed 1.8 miles. What’s the fate of the little girl Kaz who used to live a carefree life before the bombing? Read the text, you’ll know the answer.

27. N H C E Forty-Three Seconds over Hiroshima Para. 1 On a brilliant summer’s morning in 1945, Kaz Tanaka looked up into the sky over Hiroshima and saw the beginning of the end of her world. She was 18.

28. 技巧 自测 Back N H C E Chinese Statement 1 Para. 2 A white dot appeared in the sky, as small and innocent-looking as a slip of paper. It was falling away from the plane, drifting downtoward them. The journey took a mere 43 seconds. 随 笔 生词学习 问题预览 阅读理解

29. 技巧 自测 Back N H C E Chinese Statement 2 Para. 3a The air exploded in blinding lightning and color, the rays shooting outwardas in a child’s drawing of the sun, and Kaz was flung to the ground so violently that her two front teeth broke off; she had sunk into unconsciousness. Kaz’s father had been out back weeding the vegetables in his underclothes. 随 笔 生词学习 问题预览 阅读理解

30. 技巧 自测 Back N H C E Chinese Para. 3b When he came staggering out of the garden, blood was running from his nose and mouth. By the next day the exposed parts of his body had turned a chocolate brown. What had been a luxury home in that sector of the city camethundering down. 随 笔 生词学习 问题预览 阅读理解

31. 技巧 自测 Back N H C E Chinese Statement 4 Para. 4aThat life had been a comfortable one, wanting in nothing—at least, not until the war. Kaz’s father had been born to a family of some wealthand social position in Hiroshima, and had emigrated to America in the early 1920s in the spirit of adventure, not of need or flight; he never intended to stay. 随 笔 生词学习 问题预览 阅读理解

32. 技巧 自测 Back N H C E Chinese Statement 3 Statement 5 Para. 4bHe moved back to Hiroshima at 40; it was expected of him as the sole male heir to their name. But he brought his American baby girl with him, and a lifestyle flavored with American ways. 随 笔 生词学习 问题预览 阅读理解

33. 技巧 自测 Back N H C E Chinese Statement 5 Para. 5aThe house he built was a roomy one. There was a courtyard in front of the place and two gardens in back, one to provide vegetables, one to delight the eyein the formal Japanese layout. One of the two living rooms was American, with easy chairs instead of mats or tatami, and so were the kitchen and bathroom.. 随 笔 生词学习 问题预览 阅读理解

34. 技巧 自测 Back N H C E Chinese Para. 5bDinner was Japanese, with the family sitting on the floor in the traditional way. Breakfast was American, pancakes or bacon or ham and eggs, taken at the kitchen table. 随 笔 生词学习 问题预览 阅读理解

35. 技巧 自测 Back N H C E Chinese Statement 6 Para. 6What remained of the life he had made was blown to bits, though his home was more than a mile from ground zero. He was working on the side facing zero, and had the front of his body and limbs burned. His flesh, when Kaz touched him, had the soft feel of a boiled tomato. 随 笔 生词学习 问题预览 阅读理解

36. 技巧 自测 Back N H C E Chinese Para. 7aKaz was anxiously waiting for the return ofanother member of her family when a tall chap appeared where the gate had been. “He’s back!” she shouted; her brother, at six feet tall, towered over most Japanese men, and she knew at a glimpsethat it was him. But when she drew closer, she could barely recognize him through his wounds. 随 笔 生词学习 问题预览 阅读理解

37. 技巧 自测 Back N H C E Chinese Para. 7bHis school had fallen down around him. He had struggled to a medical station. They had splashed some medicine on the wounds, tied them with a bandage and sent him on his way. For a moment, he stood swaying at the ruins of the gate. Kaz stared at him. 随 笔 生词学习 问题预览 阅读理解

38. 技巧 自测 Back N H C E Chinese Statement 7 Para. 8aLater, when night fell, Kaz and her brother made for the mountains; a friend from Kaz’s factory lived in a village on the slope of a hill behind the city and had offered to take them in. It was midnight by the time they found her place. Kaz looked back. The city was on fire. She felt uneasy, seized with fear, not for herself but for her parents. 随 笔 生词学习 问题预览 阅读理解

39. 技巧 自测 Back N H C E Chinese Statement 7 Para. 8bShe left her brother behind, and dashed down the slope of the hill toward the flames. The streets were filled with the dead and barely living. She kept on running, knowing only that she had to be home. 随 笔 生词学习 问题预览 阅读理解

40. 技巧 自测 Back N H C E Chinese Statement 7 Para. 9aKaz’s family had been luckier than most. Her father with his burns had to lie outdoors on a tatami, but her brother’s wounds refused to heal. As the others were recovering, Kaz fell ill with all the symptoms of radiation sickness. The disease was a frightening result of the atomic bomb. 随 笔 生词学习 问题预览 阅读理解

41. 技巧 自测 Back N H C E Chinese Para. 9bScientists in Los Alamos were surprised by its extent; they thought the blast would do most of the killing. Kaz felt as if she were dying. She ran a fever. She felt sick and dizzy, almost drunk. Her gums and her bowels were bleeding. She looked like a ghost. “I’m next,” she thought realistically; 随 笔 生词学习 问题预览 阅读理解

42. 技巧 自测 Back N H C E Para. 9cshe was an eighteen-year-old girl waiting her turn to die. No medicine worked, since the only known treatment for radiation sickness was rest. As winter gave way to spring and spring to summer, Kaz began to heal. Chinese 随 笔 生词学习 问题预览 阅读理解

43. 技巧 自测 Back N H C E Chinese Statement 8 Para. 10 The illness had not really left her; it had gone into hiding, instead, and the physical and mental after-effects of that historical August 6, 1945, would trouble Kaz all the rest of her life. 随 笔 生词学习 问题预览 阅读理解

44. 技巧 自测 Back N H C E Directions: Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the text. ( ) 1. It took a long time for the atomic bomb to fall down and explode. Refer to Para. 2 F 随 笔 生词学习 问题预览 课文阅读

45. 技巧 自测 Back N H C E Refer to Para. 3 ( ) 2. Japanese people hadn’t expected such a disaster until it really happened. T Refer to Para. 4b ( ) 3. Kaz was born in America and brought back to Japan by her father. T 随 笔 生词学习 问题预览 课文阅读

46. 技巧 自测 Back N H C E Refer to Para. 4a ( ) 4. Kaz’s father moved to America with his family in the early 1920s because they couldn’t make a living in Japan. ( ) 5. Life in Kaz’s family was a little different from that in most other Japanese families because it was flavored with American ways of life. F Refer to Para. 4b&5a T 随 笔 生词学习 问题预览 课文阅读

47. 技巧 自测 Back N H C E Refer to Para. 6 ( ) 6. Kaz became very ill because she was seriously burned. ( ) 7. Kaz’s father and brother died not long after the blast. ( ) 8. Fortunately, Kaz’s disease was cured finally. F Refer to Para. 8 & 9 F Refer to Para. 10 F 随 笔 生词学习 问题预览 课文阅读

48. Homework • To be prepared for the dictation of vocabulary; • Finish the exercises of section B in the textbook; • Finish some exercises about Identifying the Writer’s Purpose. • Review all units. • Teach themselves. (reading, speaking, listening, writing, etc.)