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Splints

Splints. Splints. Fracturing the splints (2 nd and 4 th metacarpal and metatarsal) is not uncommon. Can happen from direct trauma or more likely after a ‘ suspensory desmitis ’ from the resulting fibrous tissue building up on the distal, free end of the bone.

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Splints

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  1. Splints

  2. Splints Fracturing the splints (2nd and 4th metacarpal and metatarsal) is not uncommon. Can happen from direct trauma or more likely after a ‘suspensorydesmitis’ from the resulting fibrous tissue building up on the distal, free end of the bone. Usually they occur about 2 inches from the distal tip Immediately after happening, the area becomes inflamed.

  3. Splints Can be chronic- in which case the suspensory will thicken at and above the site of the damage, building calluses at the fracture site. Diagnosed by radiograph Can be removed surgically, but is based off of the damage to the suspensory ligament What is SuspensoryDesmitis?

  4. Integumentary System Guided by Ms Gottfried

  5. What is it?! The integumentary system is made up of the skin and all its associated structures. Including hair, hooves, mucus membranes, nails, sweat and oil glands and sensory glands

  6. What does it do? The main function is protection! Also aids in maintaining homeostasis Skin is the horse’s largest organ, and most visible part

  7. Hairs Cover almost all of the horse’s body Lie within a hair follicle, which can secrete natural oils The oils come from the sebaceous oil gland in the dermis. Shaft: Part of the hair that is exposed Root: Part of the hair embedded in the skin Every hair has inner and outer layers as well as a superficial cuticle, which is a single layer of cells covering the surface of the hair.

  8. Types of hair Temporary Hair: Shed out with the summer coat/winter coat Permanent Hair: Remain all year i.e. mane, tail, whiskers 200 temporary hairs/square centimeter 4-5 permanent hairs/square centimeter

  9. Skin 2 Main layers 1. Epidermis (including the basement membrane zone) 2. Dermis

  10. Epidermis • Also divided into several layers, surface, middle and deep. • Has no blood supply • Receives its nutrients from the deeper layers, diffuse superficially • “keratinized stratified squamous epithelium” • keratinocytes • Melanocytes • Merkel cells • Langerhans’ cell

  11. Epidermis • Keratinocytes- • Produce protective barrier • Most common (95%) • Contain keratin (fibrous protein) • Produced by basal cells • Constant mitosis in the deeper regions then pushed towards the surface when the old cells die or are worn away. • When the cells move superficially, they are taken away from the source of nutrients, therefore become more flattened and begin to die off. • -Life is about 7-10 days

  12. Dermis Under the epidermis Makes up the bulk of the skin layer Made of tough connective tissue Rich blood supply (highly vascular tissue) Contains nerve fibers and lymphatic tissues Hair follicles, sweat glands and oil glands are found here

  13. Hypodermis The tissue immediately underneath the dermis Made up of loose connective tissue This layer is important in its function of allowing for the more superficial layers to move, while still staying anchored to an underlying structure (bones, muscles, organs etc.) Also aids in protection and insulation

  14. Glands • Sebaceous Glands • Simple glands found all over the body and are associated with hair follicles • Produce sebum, softens and provides lubrication for hair and skin. • Also has a bactericidal action (bacterium-killing) • Some empty directly into skin (ear canal and eyelid) while most others empty into the hair follicle.

  15. Glands • Sweat Glands • Distributed over most of the body except on the legs of the horse • Secrete sweat. • Sweat is a hypertonic solution (higher concentration than normal cell fluid) • Derived from blood plasma and 99% water • Contains antibodies and waste materials • Horses are the only domesticated animal that noticeably sweat for temperature regulation, evaporation from the skin helps the horse body to lose heat.

  16. Sweat Glands Quantities of sweat lost for different types of work Med. Work (fast trot/slow canter) = 7 liters/hour 2 mile race (TB horse) = 10 liters Endurance ride (100 km) = 30 liters *assuming horse is working at or around 15 degrees C **You only notice sweat on the horses skin when the sweating rate is higher than the evaporation rate from the surface of the skin**

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