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Soybean Agronomics

Soybean Agronomics. Eric P. Prostko Department of Soil & Crop Science The University of Georgia. Soybean Production In Georgia – Acres Planted. 430. Source: NASS. Soybean Production In Georgia – Yield. 2000-2008 = 27.56 1990-1999 = 23.20 1980-1989 = 21.40. Source: NASS.

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Soybean Agronomics

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  1. Soybean Agronomics Eric P. Prostko Department of Soil & Crop Science The University of Georgia

  2. Soybean Production In Georgia – Acres Planted 430 Source: NASS

  3. Soybean Production In Georgia – Yield 2000-2008 = 27.56 1990-1999 = 23.20 1980-1989 = 21.40 Source: NASS

  4. Soybean Production In Georgia – Average Price 2000-2007 = 6.46 1990-1999 = 5.89 1980-1989 = 6.08 Source: NASS

  5. General Production Practices - I • Crop rotation • Soybeans or other legumes once every 2 years • CBR (peanuts) = Red crown rot (soybeans) • Soil Fertility Issues • pH = 6.0 • Fertilize according to soil test results • 40 bu/A soybeans will use 38 lbs/A P2O5 and 144 lbs/A K2O • Use inoculant if soybeans have not been planted in last 3 years • Soybeans = Bradyrhizobium japonicum

  6. General Production Practices - II • In-row sub-soiling in Coastal Plain region • Planting Date • Optimum: May 10-June 10 • Late: June 11-June 30 • Avoid planting Group V after June 15 • Row Spacing • 15-36”

  7. Row Spacing Effects on Soybean Yield In Georgia Washington County, GA (2008) • Carter and Boerma, 1979 (Athens, GA) • 38” to 19” = 11% yield increase • Boerma and Ashley, 1982 (Plains, GA) • 36” to 20” = 17% yield increase • Ethredge et al., 1989 (Plains, GA) • 30” to 20” = 8% yield increase • 30” to 10” = 11% yield increase • 20” to 10” = 3% yield increase • Woodruff, 2007-2008 (Camilla, GA) • 36” to 24” = 8% yield increase

  8. What about twin row soybeans? • No Georgia data available. • LSU trials indicated that twin rows outyielded single rows by 9%. • MSU trials indicated that twin rows outyielded single rows by 10%. • In Texas, twin rows outyielded single rows by 11% • Will twin rows produce higher yields than narrow single rows??

  9. General Production Practices - III • Seeding Rate • May-Early June – 145,000 seed/Acre • 36” rows = 10 seed/ft • 15” rows = 4 seed/ft • Late June – 160,000 seed/A • 36” rows = 11 seed/ft • 15” rows = 4.6 seed/ft • Planting Depth • 1”-1.25” deep • UGA Recommended Varieties

  10. What Group should you plant? • UGA OVT Results • 2001-2007 (7 years) • Planted in early May • Irrigated • Six locations • Athens, Calhoun, Griffin, Midville, Plains, Tifton

  11. Planting Early and Late Maturing Varieties Can Spread Drought Risks and Optimum Harvest Time

  12. 2008 UGA OVT ResultsGroup V – May PlantingTop 5 Yielding Varieties

  13. 2008 UGA OVT ResultsGroup VI – May PlantingTop 5 Yielding Varieties

  14. 2008 UGA OVT ResultsGroup VII/VIII – May PlantingTop 5 Yielding Varieties

  15. General Production Practices - IV • Control Weeds • Control Insects • Boron (0.25-0.5 lb/A) + Dimilin (2-4 oz/A) at R2-R3 stage – Coastal Plain Region • Control Soybean Rust if needed

  16. R3 R2

  17. Strobi Fungicides will cause green stem/leaf phenomenon Quadris Domark

  18. Early Soybean Production Systems • Planting Date: April 30-May 10 • Harvest Date: Mid-September • MG IV or early V varieties (indeterminate) • Pioneer 94M80 (RR), Southern States RT4808N (RR/STS), Southern States RT 5160N (RR) • 15-30” row spacing • Increase seeding rates by 10-20% • Concerns • stink bugs at early pod-fill (July) • seed quality/shatter at maturity (timely harvest) • August/September hurricanes

  19. 2008 Early System Soybean Trial – Sunbelt Ag Expo • Planting date: April 25 • Seeding Rate: 175,000/A • 6/row foot • Row Spacing: 18” • Plot Size: 0.365-0.874 A • 3 replications • Fertility: 2 tons/A chicken litter • Irrigated • Fungicides: Headline (2x) • Insecticides: • Boron + Dimilin • Stinkbugs • Harvest Date: September 10 • Trial conducted by Dr. John Woodruff P = 0.6597 CV = 4.17

  20. Soybean Irrigation • Soybeans will produce ~ 2 bu/A for every 1” of water use. • 40-50 bu/A = 20-25” water • Water Use by Stage (in/day) • Germination/Seedling = 0.05-0.01” • Vegetative = 0.10-0.20” • Flower to Pod Fill = 0.25-0.35” • Maturity to Harvest = 0.05-0.20” • When to stop? • Pod-fill (R6) • 50+% of pods • green seed touching in pod

  21. 2007-2008 Soybean Irrigation Study • Stripling Irrigation Research Park (Camilla) • Varieties (2) • AGS 568 • AGS 758 • Row Spacing (2) • 24” or 36 “ • Irrigation (4) (KanSched) • None (except emergence) • 60% irrigation all season • 120% irrigation all season • 60% irrigation during vegetative growth, 120% irrigation during reproductive growth

  22. 2007-2008 Soybean Irrigation Study - Results • No interaction between year, variety, row spacing, irrigation • AGS 568 = AGS 758 • 65.2/63.6 Bu/A • 24” > 36” (8%) • 66.9 vs. 62.0 Bu/A • Irrigation > dryland by 12.5% but no differences in yield between schedules

  23. Irrigation vs DrylandStripling (2007-08) - Yield a a a b Averaged over 2 years, 2 varieties, and 2 row spacings.

  24. Irrigation vs DrylandStripling (2007-08) – Cost/Bu Averaged over 2 years, 2 varieties, and 2 row spacings Variable + Fixed Costs

  25. Irrigation vs DrylandStripling (2007-08) – Net Return Averaged over 2 years, 2 varieties, and 2 row spacings $9.00/Bu

  26. Stripling Irrigation Research ParkRainfall 2007-2008 Source: Georgia Automated Environmental Monitoring Network

  27. 2009 Soybean Production Guide – Minor Editions • 2008 UGA OVT Results (pages 109-128) • MG VI • JGL EXP862 = Croplan Genetics RC 6298 • MG VII & VIII • Pioneer 95Y11 = Pioneer 98Y11

  28. UGA Soybean Web-Pagehttp://www.gasoybeans.uga.edu

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