Jim Crow Laws Scottsboro Trials Recovering from the Great Depression Racial Injustice Poor South

1. Major Historical Happenings... • Jim Crow Laws • Scottsboro Trials • Recovering from the Great Depression • Racial Injustice • Poor South

2. 1861-1865 Civil War

3. January 1, 1863 President Lincoln Signed the Emancipation Proclamation

4. NEW YORK, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 18, 1865. SCENE IN THE HOUSE ON THE PASSAGE OF THE PROPOSITION TO AMEND THE CONSTITUTION, JANUARY 31, 1865.

5. States that slavery must end in the United States and all of its territories.

6. 1868 - 14th Amendment Black Americans were granted citizenship and guaranteed their Civil Rights.

7. Feb. 3, 1870 Black Voting Rights. It sought to protect the rights of citizens, particularly former slaves, to vote in federal and state elections “The First Vote" A.R. Waud.

8. Jim Crow lawssegregated blackspolitically bymaking it difficultfor them to vote.For instance, theyrequired voters topay a poll tax aswell as prove thatthey could read.

9. 1880’s-Jim Crow Laws After the American Civil War most states in the South passed anti-African American legislation. These became known as Jim Crow laws. Although African Americans now supposedly had the same rights as white society, they were still segregated.

10. Jim Crow Laws These laws included segregation in… • Schools and Hospitals • Theaters • Water fountains • Restaurants and Hotels • Public transportation • Some states forbid inter-racial marriages

14. Racial separation (segregation)

15. 1896 - Plessey vs Ferguson

16. The Supreme Court went even further to legalize racism by ruling that segregation was lawful as long as blacks and whites had access to equal facilities.(EX. Separate Water Fountains)

17. NOTE: These laws were instituted in 1896 and were not abolished until the late 1950’s . Some states still did not adopt the changes.

18. Realize that not all of the Justices supported this view, many felt that the “Constitution is colorblind and neither knows or tolerates classes among citizens.”

19. The Roaring 20’s • The new concept of “credit” • People were buying: • Automobiles • Appliances • Clothes • Fun times reigned • Dancing • Flappers • Drinking

20. The Great Depression 1929

21. 1929-1939 • Stock market crash • Didn’t realize the effect it would have • No money to replenish what was borrowed Many found being broke humiliating.

22. Why was this bad? • Credit system • People didn’t really have the money they were spending • WWI • The U.S. was a major credit loaner to other nations in need • Many of these nations could not pay us back

23. The Stock Market • People bought stocks on margins • If a stock is $100 you can pay $10 now and the rest later when the stock rose • Stocks fall • Now the person has less than $100 and no money to pay back

24. Bank Failures

25. And then…. • With people panicking about their money investors tried to sell their stocks • This leads to a huge decline in stocks • Stocks were worthless now • People who bought on “margins” now could not pay • Investors were average people that were now broke

26. President Hoover • Herbert Hoover was president at the start • Philosophy: We’ll make it! • What He Did: Nothing • The poor were looking for help and no ideas on how to correct or help their situation.

27. What about the people? • Farmers were already feeling the effects • Prices of crops went down • Many farms foreclosed • People could not afford luxuries • Factories shut down • Businesses went out • Banks could not pay out money • People could not pay their taxes • Schools shut down due to lack of funds • Many families became homeless and had to live in shanties

29. Many waited in unemployment lines hoping for a job.

30. People in cities would wait in line for bread to bring to their family.

31. Some families were forced to relocate because they had no money.

32. "Hooverville" • Some families were forced to live in shanty towns • A grouping of shacks and tents in vacant lots • They were referred to as “Hooverville” because of President Hoover’s lack of help during the depression.

33. Hooverville

34. Out of the Dust: The South and the Dust Bowl

35. A drought in the South lead to dust storms that destroyed crops. “The Dust Bowl”

36. The South was Buried • Crops turned to dust=No food to be sent out • Homes buried • Fields blown away • South in state of emergency • Dust Bowl the #1 weather crisis of the 20th century

38. Two Families During the Depression

39. A Farm Foreclosure

40. Some families tried to make money by selling useful crafts like baskets.

41. When he was inaugurated unemployment had increased by 7 million. • Poor sections (like Harlem) had 50% of the pop. unemployed • Instated the “New Deal” • Yea! Frankie! FDR

42. People everywhere were affected by the depression • It wasn’t until President Roosevelt took over and tried to put the economy back together. People began to see a glimmer of hope.

43. Scottsboro Boys Trial • 9 young African-American men (13-20) accused of raping 2 white girls in 1931 • Immediately sentenced to death • Trials went on for nearly 15 years before all the men were dismissed

44. Started on a train bound for Memphis • Several white men boarded and picked a fight with the black men • Whites were forced off train by the 12 black men. • The white men reported to authorities that the black men had raped two white girls on the train. • They were immediately arrested and tried in front of an all-white jury.

45. The trials caused a huge uproar among the black community.

46. Companies Created in the 1930's

47. The End