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The Scaling of Machines for Renewable Energy Applications

The Scaling of Machines for Renewable Energy Applications. Ramzi Solomon. Energy Postgraduate Conference 2013. Introduction. Future generation from renewable sources will employ rotating electrical machines as generators.

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The Scaling of Machines for Renewable Energy Applications

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  1. The Scaling of Machines for Renewable Energy Applications Ramzi Solomon Energy Postgraduate Conference 2013

  2. Introduction • Future generation from renewable sources will employ rotating electrical machines as generators. • Constant & variable speed generators connected to the grid at the sub-transmission and distribution level. • Generator performance and power system stability studies are of interest. • Two questions: • Can a utility-scale IPP-type synchronous generator be scaled such that a laboratory-based equivalent system can be designed? • What is the impact of the connection of machines at the sub-transmission and distribution level on the national grid?

  3. Project Aims • This project will scale, design, analyse and then prototype a micromachine of a wound cylindrical rotor synchronous generator typical of many constant speed generator IPPs. • A laboratory-based test bench will be created to quantify the impact of the integration of IPPs and in particular renewables on the South African grid.

  4. Project Aims • Dimensional analysis is the mathematical method that allows machines and systems to be down-scaled by establishing laws of similitude between the original and its scaled model. • Conduct detailed testing of several PQ and grid integration issues on the laboratory-based system.

  5. Different Scaling Methods

  6. Laboratory setup

  7. Defining the design process Analytical design 5 kVA wound rotor synchronous generator Acquire dimensions and pu test data of utility-scale IPP Define scaling factors Optimization Analytical pu design of utility-scale IPP using scaling factors Design 5 kVA using FEA No Convergene No Yes Convergence Yes Prototype micromachine Test micromachine under steady-state and dynamic conditions Compare test results to industrial-size IPP

  8. Machine Design Challenge • Design a medium-voltage synchronous machine of the order of 55MW that replicates the performance of Sasol’s compressor-driving synchronous motor. • The rotor is cylindrical. • The machine is a fully enclosed self-cooled machine with air-to-water heat exchangers.

  9. Comparison in machine specification for two machines 55 MVA 5 kVA

  10. Sizing Specification 55 MVA 5 kVA

  11. Conclusion • Analytically designed two machines, laboratory machine (5 kVA) and reference design (5 MVA). • Verifying designs using FEA package, FLUX. • Establish equivalence between lab and field machines • Prototype 5 kVA scaled design • Test 5 kVA in laboratory under various PQ and transient conditions • Use software to predict behaviour under extrapolated scenario and compare with prototype.

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