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Chapter 32: Societies at Crossroads

Chapter 32: Societies at Crossroads. AP World History: by: Kimberly Zerbst. What you need to know. British seek out new markets in China Opium wars Chinese and Ottoman resistance The Boxer rebellion Ottoman contraction in the Balkans Meiji Japan economic reforms

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Chapter 32: Societies at Crossroads

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  1. Chapter 32: Societies at Crossroads AP World History: by: Kimberly Zerbst

  2. What you need to know • British seek out new markets in China • Opium wars • Chinese and Ottoman resistance • The Boxer rebellion • Ottoman contraction in the Balkans • Meiji Japan • economic reforms • European & American expansionism • Russian economic and industrial development

  3. China: Under Pressure and getting weaker The British are Coming Opium Wars Chinese resistance The Boxer Rebellion

  4. China Under Seige • Qing Dynasty • 1759 restriction to Guangzhou • Mercantilism is incompatible with paying for goods in silver. Why? • Afternoon tea – the British obsession • The second – selling their new consumer goods

  5. “By the year 1834 the efforts of the local authorities to suppress the trade resulted in the periodical issue of vain prohibitions and empty threats of punishment, which did not more plainly exhibit their own weakness in the eyes of the people, than the strength of the appetite in the smokers.” Williams, Ship Captain EIC

  6. 1839 – 20,000 chests destroyed, this means WAR • Opium War(s) (1839-1842) • Unequal treaties • Hong Kong • Most favored nation status • Extraterritoriality • Spheres of influence

  7. Spheres of Influence

  8. Self-Strengthening Movement – Attempts reform 1860-1870 • “Chinese learning at the base, Western learning for use” • A blend of Chinese culture w/European technology • Used Confucian values • Brought superficial industrialization to China • Cixi fought the reform

  9. Boxer Rebellion 1899 • Called boxers by Europeans because of their fitness Read the handout and answer these questions Why were the boxers up in arms in the first place? How did the Empress Dowager use the Boxers? Why did the Europeans send an army? What was the outcome of the Rebellion?

  10. Checking for UnderstandingWrite answers on whiteboard • What European nation led the charge to “open” China? • What substance replaced silver bullion as a means of paying for Chinese goods? • What efforts did the Qing dynasty employ to stop European expansionism? • What type of imperialism ultimately prevailed in China?

  11. Ottoman Empire Shrinking Ottoman Resistance Loss of Egypt

  12. The sick man of Europe

  13. Ottoman Resistance • Mahmud II Reforms (1808-1839) • Tanzimat Reforms (1839-1876) • Public trials, penal code, commercial code, civil code • Extended rights to ALL citizens, not just Islamic citizens • Young Turks (1908-1918) • Constitutional, representative government • Anti-reform elements within government • Janissaries • Islamic conservatives

  14. Checking for UnderstandingWrite answers on whiteboard • What European powers participated in the dismantling of the Ottoman empire? • Which group most vehemently opposed military reforms in the Ottoman empire? • Which group most vehemently opposed technological and law reforms in the Ottoman empire? • Why were the Ottoman sultans eventually politically obsolete?

  15. Meiji Japan Emerges – A whole new Japan Economic Reforms European and American Expansionism

  16. EduCanon Class Activity

  17. Russia – The Bear awakens Economic and Industrial reforms – too little too late

  18. The Crimean War

  19. Primary Sources on Russian Serfdom • What justification is used in 1797 to give Serfs a day off? • Based on the Moskovskie Advertisement, how are serfs treated? • What reform is Nicholas I calling for in his 1842 speech? • What are his justifications for this reform? • What trend is escalating in 1847? • What is Alexander II calling for in 1861? • What are his justifications for this reform? • How do the opinions of the Czar’s regarding serfdom change over time? • Using your knowledge of history, why do you believe these opinion change?

  20. Reform Timeline • Anarchists = terrorists • Czar Alexander II assassinated (1881) • Nicholas II (R. 1894-1917) • Russo-Japanese war • Bloody Sunday • Duma established

  21. Economic/Industrial Reform • Sergei Witte (Minister of Finance 1892-1903) • Trans-Siberian Railroad • Remodeling of the state bank • Protective tarrifs • Developed stell & coal with French & British money • Factory worker strikes • Peasant rebellions

  22. Checking for UnderstandingWrite answers on whiteboard • What did the Crimean war demonstrate about the Russian military? • What impact did the freeing of the serfs have on the life of an everyday serf? • How did this influence public opinion toward the Czar’s? • What effect did Witte’s reforms have on Russia? • Do you think Witte’s reforms were effective?

  23. Do you KNOW it? • British seek out new markets in China • Opium wars • Chinese and Ottoman resistance • The Boxer rebellion • Ottoman contraction in the Balkans • Meiji Japan • economic reforms • European & American expansionism • Russian economic and industrial development

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