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The Constitution Article III

The Constitution Article III. The Judiciary Branch of Government. Section 1. Federal Courts and Judges One Supreme Court Congress may ordain and establish inferior courts Judges should hold office during good behavior, and receive compensation which shall not be diminished.

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The Constitution Article III

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  1. The ConstitutionArticle III The Judiciary Branch of Government

  2. Section 1 Federal Courts and Judges • One Supreme Court • Congress may ordain and establish inferior courts • Judges should hold office during good behavior, and receive compensation which shall not be diminished. Judiciary Act of 1789, Congress provided for the establishment of lower courts, including District courts, circuit courts of appeals, and various other federal courts.

  3. Current Supreme Court Top row (left to right): Associate JusticeSonia Sotomayor, Associate Justice Stephen G. Breyer, Associate Justice Samuel A. Alito, and Associate Justice Elena Kagan. Bottom row (left to right): Associate Justice Clarence Thomas, Associate Justice Antonin Scalia, Chief JusticeJohn G. Roberts, Associate Justice Anthony Kennedy, and Associate Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg.

  4. Section 2 Authority of the Courts 1. General Authority – The judicial power extends to all cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this constitution, the Laws of the United States and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority.

  5. Section 2 Authority of the Courts 2. Supreme Authority – In all cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be a Party, the Supreme Court should have original Jurisdiction. • In all cases mentioned prior, the Supreme court should have appellate jurisdiction

  6. Federal Judicial System Supreme Court Reviews cases appealed from lower federal courts and highest state courts Court of Appeals Review appeals from district courts District Courts Holds Trials

  7. Section 2 • Authority of the Courts • Trial by Jury – The Trial of all crimes, except in the case of Impeachment, shall be by Jury; and such Trial should be held in the state where the crime was committed. • When not committed in any State, the Trial shall be at such place as the Congress has directed.

  8. Section 3 • Treason 1. Definition – Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. • No person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two witnesses to the same act, or on confession in open court.

  9. Section 3 • Punishment – Congress has the power to declare the punishment of Treason, but no attainder of Treason shall work Corruption of Blood. • Corruption of Blood – punishing the family of a person convicted of treason.

  10. Checks and Balances • Interprets the constitution and other laws • Reviews lower-court decisions

  11. Statistics • The US Supreme court receives more than 8,000 requests for review each year • The choose 75 – 100 cases to hear or read that are most important to Constitutional or federal law.

  12. Separation of Powers Judicial Branch (Supreme Court) - Interprets the Constitution and other laws - Reviews lower court decisions • Legislative Branch • (Congress) • Writes the laws • Confirms presidential appointments • Approves Treaties • Grants Money • Declares War • Executive Branch • (President) • Proposes laws • Administers laws • Commands armed forces • Appoints ambassadors and other officials • Conducts foreign policy • Makes treaties

  13. Exit Ticket Which Branch of the US government do you feel is the most important and why? Please use examples including abilities and checks and balances in your answer.

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