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Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration. Cellular Respiration. process that releases energy by breaking down glucose Two types – aerobic and anaerobic AEROBIC RESPIRATION requires oxygen takes place in the mitochondria converts sugar and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and energy [ATP]

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Cellular Respiration

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  1. Cellular Respiration

  2. Cellular Respiration • process that releases energy by breaking down glucose • Two types – aerobic and anaerobic AEROBIC RESPIRATION • requires oxygen • takes place in the mitochondria • converts sugar and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and energy [ATP] • three sets of chemical reactions • glycolysis • Kreb’s cycle • electron transport chain

  3. Chemical Equation – Aerobic Respiration C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 36 ATP glucose + oxygen yields carbon dioxide + water + energy

  4. Mitochondria • Mitochondria are surrounded by a pair of membranes. • Cristae – folds of the inner membrane • make more surface area where chemical reactions can take place. • Matrix – fluid inside the inner membrane

  5. Mitochondria

  6. Glycolysis • process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid • takes place in cytoplasm • does not require oxygen • converts glucose, ADP, and NAD+ to pyruvic acid, ATP, and NADH • net production of ATP: 2 ATP

  7. Kreb’s Cycle • second stage of cellular respiration, in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions • takes place in matrix of mitochondrion • converts pyruvic acid, NAD+, FAD+, and ADP to CO2, NADH, FADH2, ATP • net production of ATP: 2 ATP

  8. Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)

  9. Electron Transport Chain • high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle are used to convert ADP into ATP • takes place at inner membrane of the mitochondrion (cristae) • converts O2, NADH, FADH2 and ADP to H2O, NAD+, FAD+, ATP • net production of ATP: 32 ATP

  10. Electron Transport Chain

  11. Cellular Respiration • Glycolysis • 2 ATP • Kreb’s Cycle • 2 ATP • Electron Transport Chain • 32 ATP Total: 36 ATP

  12. Anaerobic Respiration • process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen • also known as fermentation • begins with glycolysis • Two types of fermentation • lactic acid fermentation • animal muscles • pyruvic acid + NADH  lactic acid + NAD+ • alcoholic fermentation • Yeasts and a few other microorganisms • forms ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide as wastes. • pyruvic acid + NADH  alcohol + CO2 + NAD+

  13. Two Types of Fermentation

  14. Cellular Respiration Versus Fermentation

  15. Comparison Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration

  16. Parts of Cellular Respiration Glycolysis 2 ATP Krebs cycle 2 more ATP Electron Transport Chain 32 more ATP (anaerobic) 2 ATP Total 36 total ATP

  17. Photosynthesis-Cellular Respiration Cycle • Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are interdependent. • The products of cellular respiration are the reactants in photosynthesis; conversely, the products of photosynthesis are reactants in cellular respiration. • Both processes involve energy: • photosynthesis – solar energy to stored chemical energy (glucose) • cellular respiration – conversion of stored chemical energy in glucose to useable energy for for cell (ATP)

  18. Photosynthesis-Cellular Respiration Cycle

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