1 / 16

Chapter 2

Career Counseling: A Holistic Approach. Chapter 2. Vernon G. Zunker. Chapter 2: Theories of Career Development. Trait-and-Factor Theory Social Learning and Cognitive Theories Developmental Theories Person-in-Environment Perspective. Trait-and-Factor Theory. Among the earliest theories

hatfieldj
Download Presentation

Chapter 2

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Career Counseling: A Holistic Approach Chapter 2 Vernon G. Zunker

  2. Chapter 2: Theories of Career Development • Trait-and-Factor Theory • Social Learning and Cognitive Theories • Developmental Theories • Person-in-Environment Perspective

  3. Trait-and-Factor Theory • Among the earliest theories • Vocational guidance is accomplished by studying the individual, then surveying occupations, then matching the individual with the occupation. • Became the foundation of programs in the early 20th century.

  4. Person-Environment-Correspondence (PEC) Counseling • Also called the Theory of Work Adjustment • The broader level of Person-Environment-Correspondence was added in 1991. • PEC theory emphasizes that work is more than a task-oriented procedure, and that it includes human interactions; sources of stress and rewards and many other psychological variables.

  5. Holland’s Model • Proposed that personality types can be arranged in a coded system. • His modal-personal-orientation themes such as R (realistic occupation), I(investigative), A(artistic), S(social), E(enterprising), and C(conventional) comprise his main theory

  6. Holland’s model of personality types and occupational environments

  7. Steps in using the SDS

  8. Social Learning and Cognitive Theories • These theories focus on a wide range of variables that affect career choice and career maintenance over the life span. • Social conditioning, social position, and life events are thought to significantly influence career choice. • Individuals are thought to be influenced by many factors including genetic endowments and special abilities, contextual experiences, learning experiences and skills learned.

  9. Social Learning Theories • Krumboltz’s Learning Theory of Career Counseling • First proposed in 1975 • LTCC (Learning Theory of Career Counseling) • Based primarily on life events that are influential in determining career selection. • Happenstance Approach Theory • The primary premise suggests that chance events over one’s life span can have both positive and negative consequences.

  10. Cognitive Information Processing Perspective • Cognitive Informational Processing (CIP) • Applied to career development in terms of how individuals make a career decision and use information in career problem solving and decision making. • The major strategy of career intervention is to provide learning events that will develop the individual’s processing abilities.

  11. Social Cognitive Perspective • The study of cognitive variables and processes has become a popular topic for researchers, who apply these to the study of career development. • Key Constructs include Self Efficacy, Outcome Expectations and Personal Goals. These are considered the “big three.”

  12. Developmental Theories • Career development is viewed as a lifelong process that is very inclusive. • Suggests that individuals make changes during developmental stages and adapt to changing life roles. • Individuals project self into work environments. • A system of developmental tasks over the life span provides key points for counseling interventions.

  13. The life-career rainbow: Six life roles in schematic life space

  14. A segmental model of career development

  15. Person-in-Environment Perspective • Focuses attention on contextual interaction over the life span. • Clients are viewed as products of an environment that is very inclusive but also unique. • Several environmental systems such as family, church, neighborhood, friends, workplace, community agencies, etc., all affect work choice.

  16. Ecological systems map

More Related