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A3.3SY1 Sport and Exercise Psychology

A3.3SY1 Sport and Exercise Psychology. Theory Based Practice: STRESS AND ANXIETY. AILSA ANDERSON 12 October 2005. Plan for today. Consider definitions of stress, anxiety and arousal Review theories of anxiety related to sport performance Identify how to enhance anxiety control in athletes

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A3.3SY1 Sport and Exercise Psychology

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  1. A3.3SY1Sport and Exercise Psychology Theory Based Practice: STRESS AND ANXIETY AILSA ANDERSON 12 October 2005

  2. Plan for today • Consider definitions of stress, anxiety and arousal • Review theories of anxiety related to sport performance • Identify how to enhance anxiety control in athletes • * • NB – Ch12 and 13 in Cox (2002)

  3. * Cognitive Appraisal • Primary Appraisal: • Are the demands of this situation important to me and likely to threaten or harm my well-being and achievement of goals? • If no – then conditions won’t lead to negative emotional response • If yes- then…

  4. * Secondary Appraisal: • Do I have the resources to cope effectively with the demands of this situation? • If yes = then negative emotional response doesn’t occur (balance – Cox (2002) • If no = negative emotional response (e.g., anxiety )

  5. * (1) State and Trait Anxiety Spielberger (1966) • State anxiety –“subjective, consciously perceived feelings of tension and apprehension associated with…arousal of the autonomic nervous system” • Pre-bungy jump/ exam/ pre-cup final match

  6. * • Trait anxiety- “a general disposition that certain individuals possess to respond to a variety of (relatively unthreatening) situations with a high levels of state anxiety” • Personality trait/ relatively enduring

  7. * Somatic anxiety – • ‘my heart is beating so fast’ • refers to individual’s perception of their physiological response to the stressful situation in which they find themselves • Theory suggests it is a conditioned response (e.g., to a competition setting)

  8. * How does anxiety effect performance? • Arousal-based theories: • Drive theory • Inverted-u • Anxiety-based theories: • Individualised Zone Of Optimal Functioning • Multi-Dimensional State Anxiety Theory • Catastrophe Theory • Reversal Theory

  9. CA Perf * • COGNITIVE ANXIETY – concerned with consequences of failure • Theory predicts a negative linear relationship with performance

  10. * Developments on MDA • Inconsistent findings • Focused on intensity of anxiety • IE – how anxious do you feel? • Didn’t look at • frequencyof symptoms • **Interpretation of these symptoms

  11. * • E.G. • “cool, I’ve got butterflies that’s me ready to perform” • “oh no, I’ve got butterflies, I must be nervous” • (Links back to cognitive appraisal model of stress)

  12. * Jones et al (1994) elite Vs non-elite swimmers pre-race • No significant diffs between CA and SA intensity scores of • But elite swimmers interpreted symptoms as more facilitative to performance • Direction is a better prediction of performance than intensity

  13. * Dealing with pre-comp anxiety • Matching hypothesis (Maynard et al., 1995) • Match intervention to the type of anxiety • E.G. • cognitive anxiety = ? • somatic anxiety = ?

  14. * Summary • Stress, anxiety and arousal • MDSA - CA and SA hypothesised to have different relationship with performance • Research is inconclusive • Looking at intensity is insufficient • Role of interpretation • Dealing with pre-competition anxiety

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