history of Motion Pictures

1. By Natalia Aguirre history of Motion Pictures

2. The Beginning • Charles Émile Reynaud invented the Praxinoscope. • A device that has a drum with hand-drawn pictures, each one a little different then the last, and many little mirrors at the center of the drum that, when turned, look like the pictures are moving. Impact on Society: For the first time, people can see pictures “moving” as if it were a cartoon

3. Photographs Replace Drawings • By 1852, photographs begin to replace hand-drawn pictures. • Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre first invented the Daguerre process which was the first way of producing permanent pictures on a silver coated copper plate Impact on Society: The first way of producing permanent pictures on a silver coated copper plate

4. William Henry Fox of England • Fox invented the chemical process, called the photogenic drawing, that produced negative images on paper • He later invented the calotype process which produced visible images outside of a camera by bathing the negatives with a specific chemical solution. Impact on Society: Now people can see pictures but on paper

5. The First Moving Pictures • Coleman Sellers invented the Kinematoscope, which made posed pictures seem to move when they were placed on a turning paddlewheel. Impact on Society: An innovation of the Praxinoscope, it shows posed pictures and makes it seem as if they were moving

6. Thomas Edison & His Assistant • Although Thomas Edison is credited for the invention of the Kinetoscope, his assistant William K. L. Dickson did most of the work. • The Kinetoscope ran about 15 m of film in an endless loop that showed a moving picture. Impact on Society: First real moving picture camera recorder.

7. Louis and AugusteLumière • These two brothers invented the Cinématographe, a machine that is a camera, printer, and projector. • They filmed several short films such as waves crashing at the beach Impact on Society: An innovation of the Kinetoscope, it is a machine that films, prints, and projects a moving picture.

8. Edwin S. Porter • He filmed different shots in one reel of film for his short-film The Great Train Robbery in 1903. Impact on Society: Porter invented the first form of editing.

9. Silent Movies • In the early 1900s, short movies, made up of one or two reels of film, were filmed in silence hence its name • American producers were pressured by other independent producers, so they tried to make films longer and longer Impact on Society: There was a lot of competition between producers as to who made better and longer movies.

10. D. W. Griffith • He played around with lighting, camera, angles and filters to make his films more dramatic and more exciting • Later, he filmed Judith of Bethulia in four reels, but it was not released until later because it was too long Impact on Society: His film was more dramatic, causing other producers to also play with lighting, camera angles, and filters.

11. Sound Films • Warner Brothers studio was the first to introduce films with sound with the process called Vitaphone in 1926 • The film The Jazz Singer was released in 1927 Impact on Society: Sound created a domino effect in movie productions. There was a growing demand for sound from viewers.

12. Microphones • Microphones allowed for the dialogue in a movie to have more emotion and to be less stiff Impact on Society: Movies were dramatized more since there was more emotion in the voices of the actors.

13. Beauty of Color • Color movies were first filmed in 1935, but color really took off in the 1950s • Some film producers even hastily added color to their films because of the high demand even after they had started filming in black-and-white Impact on Society: The same domino effect occurred as it had with sound.

14. Wide Screen Films • In 1953, Twentieth Century Fox studio made a film with wide-screen revolution called CinemaScope. • With a series of anamorphic lens, the shot was showed in a 1:2.35 ratio

15. Beginning of 3D Films • For a short time in the 1950s, 3-D films were made by 2 cameras filming the same scene but from two different points • However, it was not very popular because it was unfocused and glasses weren't the best Impact on Society: Quickly rejected by society because the movie was unfocused. It upset many audiences.

16. The First Special Effects • Special Effects such as zero-gravity was first filmed with hidden wires, mirror shots, and large-scale rotating sets in 1970s Impact on Society: Unimaginable images can now be created and seen for the first time.

17. Industrial Light and Magic Co. • George Lucas's Industrial Light and Magic (ILM) company innovated special effects in movies such as Star Wars, Forrest Gump, and Jurassic Park • ILM is a company that creates special effects for movies using a computer

18. THX Sounds System • In the 1980s, the THX sound system technology was invented being named after George Lucas • The THX sound system is a system that enables for sound to be heard well from any area in the theater Impact on Society: Enhances sound in movies making them more intense and amazing to the audience.

19. Beginning of Computerized Images • Special effects software for computers were invented, and created a way to make an image in the computer and add it to the movie • In the 1980s, first couple of computer-generated images (CGI) were used in movies such as Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan Impact on Society: An innovation of early special effects, it makes better quality images and more believable than before.

20. Present Day Films • In the present, many movies have been filmed in a green screen and have special effects or CGIs were added. • More and more special effects are used in every film • Camera recorders are now digital and in high definition Impact on Society: It makes films more alive and audiences often feel like they are actually in the movie.

21. References • Associated Content Inc. (2008). Sci-Fi at the Movies: Reagan and the 1980s. Retrieved September 19, 2008, from http://www.associatedcontent.com/‌article/‌981998/‌scifi_at_the_movies_reagan_and_the.html • Deepthi.com. (2003-2005). Movies History Timeline 1981-1990. Retrieved September 19, 2008, from http://www.history-timeline.deepthi.com/‌movies-history-timeline/‌movie-history-1981-1990.html • Edison Motion Pictures [Edison and his assistant]. (n.d.). Retrieved September 18, 2008, from Library of Congress Web site: http://lcweb2.loc.gov/‌ammem/‌edhtml/‌edmvhm.html • Google. (n.d.). Define: CINEMASCOPE [Defines cinemascope]. Retrieved September 19, 2008, from http://www.google.com/‌search?hl=en&safe=active&defl=en&q=define:CINEMASCOPE&sa=X&oi=glossary_definition&ct=title • History of the Motion Picture. (n.d.). Retrieved September 18, 2008, from http://inventors.about.com/‌library/‌inventors/‌blmotionpictures.htm

22. References (cont.) • Howstuffworks. (1998-2008). Howstuffworks “How THX Works.” Retrieved September 19, 2008, from http://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/‌thx.htm/‌printable • Motion Pictures, History of. (2006). Retrieved September 18, 2008, from History Encyclopedia Web site: http://www.history.com/‌encyclopedia.do?articleId=216967 • Python. (1990-2008). Python succes Stories [George Lucas’s ILM]. Retrieved September 19, 2008, from http://www.python.org/‌about/‌success/‌ilm/ • Schoenherr, S. E. (1999). Motion Picture Sound. Retrieved September 22, 2008, from http://history.sandiego.edu/‌GEN/‌recording/‌motionpicture1.html • Wikipedia. (2008, September 10). Special Effect [Space Sci-Fi]. Retrieved September 19, 2008, from http://en.wikipedia.org/‌wiki/‌Special_effects#Space_sci-fi • Wild West Electronics. (1999-2008). History of THX - Learn About THX. Retrieved September 19, 2008, from http://www.wildwestelectronics.net/‌historyofthx.html

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