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Fabrice DeClerck, CATIE Costa Rica Margie Mayfield, University of Queensland - Australia

Conservation of functional diversity in temperate and tropical agricultural landscapes: patterns and mechanisms at farm and landscape scales. Fabrice DeClerck, CATIE Costa Rica Margie Mayfield, University of Queensland - Australia Stacy Philpott, University of Toledo - USA. The questions.

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Fabrice DeClerck, CATIE Costa Rica Margie Mayfield, University of Queensland - Australia

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  1. Conservation of functional diversity in temperate and tropical agricultural landscapes: patterns and mechanisms at farm and landscape scales. Fabrice DeClerck, CATIE Costa Rica Margie Mayfield, University of Queensland - Australia Stacy Philpott, University of Toledo - USA

  2. The questions Does land use intensificationreduce functional diversity? Does it matter? What about response diversityand/or ecological redundancy? … if yes, erosion of ecosystem function, and resilience to environmental change.

  3. Landuse Intensity Pasture Low tree density 2°Forest Forest Pasture High Tree Density Live Fence ] [ Sanchez et al

  4. Does land use intensification reduce functional diversity? Flynn et al. Ecology Letters (2009) 12:22-33 DeClerck NCEAS DGS Flynn et al. Ecology Letters (2009) 12:22-33 DeClerck NCEAS DGS

  5. How is functional diversity lost with intensification? 71 Species Total Flynn et al. Ecology Letters (2009) 12:22-33 DeClerck NCEAS DGS

  6. What is functional redundancy within taxonomic groups with land use change? x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Flynn et al. Ecology Letters (2009) 12:22-33 DeClerck NCEAS DGS Forest Fragment: 25 extinct

  7. x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Live Fence: 41 extinct Forest Fragment: 25 extinct

  8. x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Live Fence: 41 extinct Forest Fragment: 25 extinct

  9. x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Live Fence: 41 extinct Pasture: 64 extinct Forest Fragment: 25 extinct

  10. Functional Diversity Decreases with landuse Intensity Flynn et al. Ecology Letters (2009) 12:22-33 DeClerck NCEAS DGS

  11. Ecological redundancy • Redundancy = number of species within a functional group • High redundancy = high resilience to environmental change • Why? compensatory responses Group 6: higher redundancy & resilience 4 1 5 3 2 6 Functional groups 1 to 6 Group 6: lower redundancy & resilience

  12. Study Sites, Species Richness (landscapes) Quebec 243 (1) Portugual 110 (1) USA, NC 38(1) China 453 (2) Laos 53(1) Nicaragua 240(2) Australian RF 1028 (4) Costa Rica 728(3) New Zealand 54(1) Australian WL 52(1) ± 3000 species; 17 landscapes; 17 functional traits

  13. a) Species in effect trait space

  14. a) Species in effect trait space 4 1 5 3 2 6 b) Functional effect groups

  15. c) Species in each land use a) Species in effect trait space Natural Semi-natural 4 1 5 3 Low-intensity agricultural 2 6 b) Functional effect groups High-intensity agricultural

  16. c) Species in each land use d) Functional dispersion (response diversity) for each effect group in each land use a) Species in effect trait space Natural e) Spearmanρbetween land use intensity and response diversity Semi-natural ρ = -0.9 4 1 5 Response diversity 3 Low-intensity agricultural 2 6 Land use intensity b) Functional effect groups Effect size for meta-analysis High-intensity agricultural

  17. Redundancy decreases with land use intensification r = -0.22 p = 0.0003

  18. Conclusions • Land use intensificationleads to lower functional diversity, function and redundancy • Can agroforestry sytstems be better managed to maintain this functional diversity and redundnacy? • Can we eco-engineer agroforestry system with multifunctionality, and multifunctional redundancy?

  19. Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function In Managed Landscapes THANKS!

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