First Half of the 20 th Century 1901-1950

1. First Half of the 20th Century1901-1950 Maddy Shannon, Sydney Murrin, Melissa Castro

2. Events • 1906- San Francisco Earthquake: led to the formation of the elastic-rebound theory • 1908- first fatal plane crash: Wright brothers were traveling across the US and Europe in order to demonstrate their flying machine • 1911- Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire • 1911- Mona Lisa (Leonardo da Vinci) was stolen of the wall in the middle of its museum • 1912- Sinking of the Titanic: “unsinkable ship” sank on its maiden voyage, losing at least 1517 lives making it one of the deadliest maritime disasters in history • 1915- Sinking of the Lusitania • 1917- U.S. declare was on Germany in World War I • 1929- St. Valentine’s Day Massacre: notorious gangster killing; made Al Capone famous • 1941- December 7th- Bombing of Pearl Harbor • 1941- December 11th- U.S. enters World War II

3. Economic Times • During World War I, the U.S. ran a trade surplus due to an increase in exports, using the earnings to pay off debts and make loans to European countries • In adjusted numbers, the per capita GDP of 1900 would equal $5000. • Early 1900s- inflation, financial chaos • 1920s- Recession of 1920-1921. This recession was followed by the consumption boom marked by the transforming technologies of electricity and the automobile as well as developments in macroeconomics policy. The boom gave the decade the name “The Roaring Twenties” • 1929-about 1939: Great Depression

4. Politics • The Employment Act of 1946 gave the federal government the responsibility to main high employment growth, and stable prices • The Square Deal- President Theodore Roosevelt’s domestic program primarily aimed at helping middle class citizens. The policies of the Square Deal involved attacking the plutocracy and trusts while at the same time protecting business from the extreme demands of unorganized labor. • Truman Doctrine-a very simple warning clearly made to the USSR – though the country was not mentioned by name – that the USA would intervene to support any nation that was being threatened by a takeover by an armed minority. • The Marshall Plan- was the large-scale American program to aid Europe where the United States gave monetary support to help rebuild European economies after the end of World War II in order to prevent the spread of Soviet communism.

5. Religion • Main 4: American Protestantism, Roman Catholicism, Judaism, and Native American traditions.

6. Karl LandsteinerJune 14, 1868- June 26, 1943 • Was born in Vienna • Was interested in morbid anatomy and immunology • Discovered new facts about the immunology of syphilis • Discovered in 1901 the blood groups • Was given a Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine in 1930

7. Sir Frederick HopkinsJune 20, 1861-1947 • Was born in Eastbourne, England • Studied in biochemistry • Discovered a method for isolating tryptophan and for identifying structure • Realized that no animal can live on a mixture of pure protein, fat, carbs even when mineral salts are added. • He termed the missing factors “accessory substances” • Which are now called vitamins

8. Sir Alexander FlemingAugust 6, 1881-March 11, 1955 • Born in Lochfield, Scotland • He created penicillin • Also discovered a bacteriolytic substance called Lusozyme • Was in World War 1 as an army medical captain • Published medical and scientific journals on bacteriology, immunology, and chemotherapy

9. Bernard FantusSeptember 1, 1847-April 14, 1940 • Was from Budapest, Hungary • Started the first blood bank • Primarily studied remedies to diseases • Published a book a very detailed book so that other hospitals would be able to have blood banks