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RMSST Student Showcase

RMSST Student Showcase. Joshua Baker 11 th Grade February 11, 2014. Optimization of Concrete Composites using CCBs as Additives. Introduction. Each year, hundreds of millions of tons of coal-fired power plant waste is dumped into landfills

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RMSST Student Showcase

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  1. RMSST Student Showcase Joshua Baker 11th Grade February 11, 2014

  2. Optimization of Concrete Composites using CCBs as Additives

  3. Introduction • Each year, hundreds of millions of tons of coal-fired power plant waste is dumped into landfills • Has potential to leach into groundwater and contaminate water supplies • Little is ever reused, though much of it can be • Carbon footprint can be greatly reduced if some byproducts are reused Image 1: A coal waste landfill in Henrico County, VA

  4. Introduction • Purpose • To determine the structural impact of coal combustion byproduct additives at the “optimal” replacement rate, 25-30% • Rationale • Management of CCBs in coal-reliant nations must be addressed before they pose an environmental hazard • Concrete is a versatile building material with potential for integration of numerous additives • Successfully using CCBs as additives at a 25% replacement rate would greatly decrease human environmental impact and provide a strong, environmentally responsible composite that can be adapted to new uses

  5. Background • Independent Variable: Concrete Composition • Dependent Variable: Concrete Performance • In an ongoing experiment, it is being determined whether it is plausible to create cement-free concrete using geopolymers, eliminating the CO2 released when normal concrete hardens

  6. Procedures – Concrete Mixing Image 2: Mixes 1 (Portland Cement, Sand, Stone) and 2 (75% Portland Cement, 25% Class C Fly Ash, Sand, Stone) in their mid-mixing stages.

  7. Procedures – Air Content Image 3: Unit Weight container with Air Content gauge attached

  8. Procedures - Slump Image 4: Slump test; the bottom of the metal rod (right) is used as the starting point for determining how far the concrete falls and spreads out.

  9. Procedures – Compressive Strength Image 5: The hydraulic press, used for compressive strength testing (right); an example of Class 5 fracturing (left) and Class 2 fracturing (center).

  10. Figure 1: The average ultimate load of each composite mix, which is a direct measurement the maximum load a sample can withstand before fracturing.

  11. Figure 2: The average compressive strength of each composite mix, a calculated measurement of the maximum force a sample can withstand before fracturing.

  12. Figure 3: The percentage of air entrained in a unit of concrete, 1 ft3. The percentage of air in a mixture contains impacts both the flexural strength and the overall weight of the concrete.

  13. Figure 4: The measured slump of each concrete mix, a measurement of mix consistency. This variable is most significant when comparing mixes of similar composition.

  14. Figure 5: The calculated (blue) and target (red) densities of each mix, a measure of the mass of a cubic foot of a given mix design. It is used when determining factors that influence the strength of concretes.

  15. Data Trends and Analysis • Group 2 (Fly Ash additive) outperformed control in ultimate load/compressive strength tests at both testing times • Group 3 (Bottom Ash additive), on average, performed either similarly to (Day 56) or worse than (Day 7) the control in ultimate load/compressive strength tests • Fly ash group continues to show trend of gaining strength over long periods of time

  16. Discussion and Conclusion • Based on the currently available data from experimentation and from data analysis, Mix 2 performed within the 20% margin of similarity to the control for its average compressive strength and ultimate load, thus rejecting the null hypothesis • The data gathered for Mix 3 performed outside of this margin, supporting the null hypothesis • Final ultimate load and compressive strength data will be collected at the 90 Day curing point

  17. Future Research • Determining the chemical leaching capability of CCBs and their flammability at different burn stages • Investigating the environmental effects of using CCB-containing concrete composites

  18. Acknowledgements RMSST: • John Hendrix TEC Services: • Steven Maloof and Technicians • Brian Smith • Brian Wolfe Ernst Enterprises of Georgia: • Tony Dowdy

  19. References • Bumjoo, K., Prezzi, M., & Salgado, R. (2005, July). Geotechnical properties of fly and bottom ash mixtures. Retrieved from https://engineering.purdue.edu/~mprezzi/pdf/10900241_geotechnical_properties.pdf • Concrete tests. (2003, September 01). Retrieved from http://www.dot.state.mn.us/materials/manuals/concrete/Chapter5.pdf • EPA – Coal Combustion Products. (May 2013). Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/wastes/conserve/imr/ccps • Kalyoncu, R. S. (2000). Retrieved from website: http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/coal/874400.pdf • Kosmatka, S. H., & Wilson, M. L. (2011). Design and Control of Concrete Mixtures: The Guide to Applications, Methods, and Materials. (15th ed.). Washington, DC: Portland Cement Association. • Mohanty, M. K., & Kumar, S. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, (2011). Sustainable Utilization of Coal Combustion Byproducts through the Production of High Grade Minerals and Cement-less Green Concrete. Retrieved from website: http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/9588/report/0 • Sahu, S. P. (2010). Characterization of Coal Combustion By-products (CCBs) for their Effective Management and Utilization. (Bachelor's thesis) Retrieved from http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/1708/1/final_thesis_edited.pdf

  20. Achievements - GHP • Nominated to attend the Governor’s Honors Program for Chemistry • Prestigious program that bolsters student • interest in their nomination areas • This program will provide valuable insight into • my field of interest, and help when deciding • how future years will be spent

  21. Achievements – AP Exams • 4 on the AP Biology Exam • 3 on the AP World History Exam • Shows how my work ethic and study skills have improved as my time at Magnet progressed

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