Last time:

1. Last time: The concept of culture at several levels The concept of nation An imagined community repeteratreparadoxer – definitionen: This is Swden

2. Film screening: This is Sweden • Full of predictable pictures, scenes, gallery of personalities. • Landscapes • Traditional folk-art, music and clothing • Technique, science, industry • High culture • Popular culture • Not serious people, active, snow and moose

3. How are imagined communities created and how do they survive over time and space? • How is the social and geopolitical space of the nation turned into a cultural room where people share experiences and references?

4. How Sweden became swedish 1. We will look at the period of modern nationalism -1800 – The making of states – heritage from French revolution - new organisation of society – Assamblé national – people representation - parlementarism – election 1809 (regeringsformen) Instrument of the government. Power divided – government, Riksdag and high court

5. An interest in creating loyalty and assimilation – cohesion among the citizens – • Rich and poor, different stratas, unite despite heritage, family,property as citizens equal rights and duties. • An political interest in making the borders of the political state and the cultural nation match. • Create possibilities for imagined community.

6. 2. A break social and economically • Industrialization – new technique for communication and consumtion. Changing labor market, access to property new social classes – bourgeoisie and working class

7. And for Scandinavia • Finland lost 1809 • Norway in union 1815-1905 • Denmark 1658 • Borders where settled

8. 3. These aspects of modern nationalism during 19th and 20th century • Nation state building and industrialization – the cause for nation building. • A) An active process – rhetoric and politic ”defining things as national” In the early 19th century: National gallery, national bank, national mentality, national park, national cuisine, national army etc. … military service, compulsory school , state church • B) An inherent, hidden process taking place in everyday practice – things we do as members of a nation- lots of things prescribes our daily life – labour market, education system, family insurance public service, train communication etc.

9. The nation building a paradox • International standards - a make-it-yourself –kit • We ”the nations” do it the same way to create difference.

10. A conservative nationalism during the 19th century • The great period of national heroes, monuments – the Swedish kings Gustav II Adolf. • Patriotic subjects conserving the old traditional divisions of property, power, influence the superior and the subordinate

11. On thing was the creation of a national monument • The monument Greece and the ancient history – the cradle of democracy – impact aesthetically. • 1820(1821) independent from Ottoman empire 1828 Monarchy

12. Another part during 19th century • Liberal nationalism – conscious citizens • A fight about power and influence • A growing bourgoisie – a ”quiet” nationalism beyond class barriers. • The cult of the nature. • Finding the national landscape – the mountains and the silence and Norden in the national Anthem • JfrRousseu – liberal ideas of the effect of the alps – open mind, air, sky

13. Dalecarlia • The region Dalecarlia – the geniuneSwedishness – in folklore and also the nature. • Rättviksdräkt – intellectuals and Bourgoisie from Stockholm spent hollidays in Dalecarlia, dressed in folkclothing • National romanticism Carl Larsson/Anders Zorn/ Arthur Hazelius

14. Painters, writers etc praising the landscape and nature – pilgrimage • Stereotyping • Access to nature – the peasants (like an extra in a film) the working class not morally ready for understanding the sublimit of nature.

15. The international competition • World Exhibition in London 1851 • Technique, future – but it was the traditional folklore that was appreciated and won golden medals • The unique nature of Scandinavia – a concept

16. Around 1900 – nationalism an arena of conflict in values between conservatives and liberals. • Liberal ideas stronger – ”quiet” nationalism based in the idea of the genuine ”people” and the nature. The moral impact of mountains – the liberated, self-confident peasant.

17. Kleens competition – secretary of a legation placed in southern France • The sleeping mother Svea • Placed in the entrance hall of the parliament as an obstacle for people coming in or out. • The lack of patriotism – critique against an old unequal society – migration -

18. Willhelm Moberg • August Strindberg • Ellen Key

19. Instead 9 national parks – love for nature beyond class struggles

20. The growing working class a threat • Social democrats where internationalists • Only one native country: Socialism • Only one war of glory: The class struggle • Only one flag: Internationalen

21. Modernisation – get rid of the old build up a new society • not celebrating despotism and kings • Ideological movements • Anti alcoholism • Women's liberation • Working class movement • Independent churches • Ung socialists – against war

22. Modernity • Equal rights and duties • Access to place and competences not bound by social heritage - liberation

23. Interwar time • The idea of a welfare state • Taxes and resources – distribution policy • Universal suffrage • Equity

24. 1931 The Social Democrat Party becomes the leading party – • Create a new modern society – ”Sweden for all Swedes” • Within politics ideas of better standard for living, avoid over crowded homes

25. Per Albin Hansson ” beloved monarch” leader of the social democrat party • 1932 - 46 • Political vision – create the modern rational man – not stucked in old unfair society looking forwards • ”Folkhemmet” ”Peoples home” ”Citizens home”

26. Social justice, democracy, citizenship and modernity find new heroes in history • The national flag day 6 of june (Gustav Wasa) parlamenatrism • Engelbrekt the first Riksdag 1435 - 1935 • August Andrée Engineer, scientist, explorer the north pole expedition in ballon

27. Functionalism • 1810 Albert Loos • Ornament und Verbrechen • The design should reveal the function

28. The Stockholm Exhibition 1930 • New lifestyle – functionalist in every sense – planning kitchens wardrobe's etc. • standardization • The ”sitting room” use all areas of the house • No classes, conformism and Average Svensson • Equality – conformity • Admiration international because of the sameness – can´t tell if the home is rich or poor – same aesthetic style • Still strong – antiques old furniture does not sell in Sweden.