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Unit 1: Matter and Motion

Dive into the fundamentals of matter and motion, exploring properties like volume and mass through engaging activities and experiments. Learn the basics of measuring volume in solids and liquids, and understand key concepts such as density and physical properties. Discover the difference between physical and chemical changes in matter evaluation.

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Unit 1: Matter and Motion

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  1. 6th Grade Science Unit 1: Matter and Motion Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Cite: http://revolution.3-cities.com/~dunigan/moving_car.gif

  2. Unit 1Matter and Motion Chapter 2: The Properties of Matter Section 1: What Is Matter? Section 2: Describing Matter Chapter 3: States of Matter Review the States of Matter Chapter 4: Matter in Motion Section 1: Measuring Motion Section 2: What is Force? Section 3: Friction: A Force That Opposes Motion Section 4: Gravity: A Force of Attraction Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

  3. What is Matter? • Cite: http://www.magicaweb.com/alienplaces/ice/ice4.jpg Cite: http://www.bridgebuilder.plus.com/galleries/html02/images/Plasma-gems.jpg Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

  4. What is Matter?Chapter 2 Section 1 What Do You Think? What is matter? Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

  5. What is Matter? Matter is everything that has mass and volume. Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

  6. What is Matter? Matter takes up space. This is known as volume. No item can take up the space of another object. Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

  7. What is Matter? Activity Let’s prove that no object can take up the space of another object. 1. Crumple a piece of paper and tightly fit it in the bottom of a clear plastic cup. 2. Turn the cup upside down and lower the cup in a bucket of water. 3. Why didn’t the paper get wet? Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD See speaker notes for lab.

  8. What is Matter? Liters and milliliters express volume of liquids. Use a graduated cylinder to measure volume. Measure the meniscus or the bottom of the curve. Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Cite: http://www.morrisonlabs.com/images/volumexamples/662meniscus.jpg

  9. What is Matter? Activity To practice finding volume go to the following website: http://www2.newpaltz.edu/~gaines79/powerpoint_files/frame.htm See speak note for lab. Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

  10. What is Matter? Solid Volume is expressed in cubic units- cm3 Volume= length x width x height. 1cm 1 cm 1 cm Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

  11. What is Matter? Measuring the Volume of Solids Follow the step to find the volume of a solid. 1. Record your volume of liquid in a graduated cylinder. 2. Drop in a solid object. 3. The water level will rise. 4. Record new level of water. 5. Find the difference between the old water level and the new water level. 6. Record the volume of the solid in units cubed. 7. This is known as displacement. Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

  12. What is Matter? Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

  13. What is Matter? Massis the amount of matter that something is made of. Massis expressed in units of grams (g) andmilligrams (mg). Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Cite: http://www.arborsci.com/images/Triple_beam.jpg

  14. What is Matter? Mass is the matter an object is made up of. Mass is constant. Mass is found using a balance. Mass is measured in mg, g, kg. Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

  15. What is Matter? Weight is due to gravitational force. Weight varies in relationship to the Earth. Weight is found using a spring scale. Weigh is measured in newtons. Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

  16. Let’s Review 1. What is matter? Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

  17. Answer Matter is anything that has volume and mass. Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

  18. Let’s Review 2. How is volume measured? How is mass measured? Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

  19. Answer Volume of a liquid is measured using a graduated cylinder. Volume of a solid can be measured by • l x w x h or by displacement. Mass of an object is measured by using a balance. Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

  20. Describing Matter Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

  21. Describing Matter How Can Matter Be Measured and Compared? What Do You Think? If you had to describe an orange to someone who had never seen an orange, what would you tell the person? Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

  22. Describing Matter Physical properties of matter can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the matter. Cite: http://www.chem4kids.com/files/art/matter_states1.jpg Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

  23. Describing Matter Examples of Physical Properties Color Ductility Odor Malleability Thermal Conductivity Density Solubility State Touch Examples of Physical Properties of Matter Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD See speaker notes for more examples.

  24. Describing Matter Densityis the amount of matter in a given space. Density = Mass/Volume Golf Ball Ping Pong Ball Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD See speaker notes for lab.

  25. Describing Matter In a graduated cylinder, pour in different liquids. See which one goes to the top and which sinks to the bottom. Activity Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD See speaker notes for materials.

  26. Describing Matter Chemical properties describe matter based on its ability to change into new matter with different properties. Cite: http://www.woodstone-corp.com/images/animation_fire_window.gif Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

  27. Describing Matter Examples of Chemical Properties Flammability is the ability to burn. Oxidation is the reaction with oxygen to form rust. Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

  28. Describing Matter Physical Changes effect one or more physical properties of a substance. Examples: Freezing water to ice Sanding a piece of wood Cutting your hair Doesn’t change the identity of the matter. Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

  29. Describing Matter Chemical change happens when two or more substances are changed into one or more new substances with different properties. Activity Drop some effervescent tables in water. How is this a chemical change? Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD Cite: http://www.ipl.be/private/Chimie/a_voir/archives/cestavoir1/Images/effervescent%20tablets.jpg

  30. Describing Matter Change of color Heat Fizzing or foaming Production light or sound Clues for you! Chemical Change or not? See speaker notes for Core Lab. Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

  31. Describing Matter Practice some examples of physical and chemical properties: Website to Visit: http://www.quia.com/jg/320858.html Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

  32. Pre-AP Extension Density is mass/volume. Determine the density of an unknown substance and use a graphing calculator to analyze data taken in a laboratory. Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD See speaker notes for lab.

  33. Let’s Review 1. Classify each of the following properties as either physical or chemical: reacts with water, dissolves in oil, is blue, and doesn’t react with hydrogen. Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

  34. Answer Reacts with water- chemical Dissolves in oil- physical Is blue- physical Doesn’t react with hydrogen- chemical Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

  35. Let’s Review 2. Hydrogen gas and oxygen gas can chemically combine to make water. How do the physical and chemical properties of the original substances (hydrogen and oxygen) differ from those of the new substance (water)? Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

  36. Answer Hydrogen and oxygen are colorless gases and are not very dense. Hydrogen is flammable and oxygen enables substances to burn. Water is a liquid, is denser than the two gases, and is not flammable. Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

  37. Let’s Review 3. Using one physical property, classify the following substance as a group: water, oil, mercury, and alcohol. Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

  38. Answer Accept any reasonable answer: All are liquid at room temperature. Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

  39. States of Matter Cite: http://public.lanl.gov/alp/plasma/graphics.states/4states2.jpg Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

  40. States of Matter What Are Three States of Matter? What Do You Think? What are the four states of matter? Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

  41. States of Matter Website to Visit: The four states of matter are solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Click here to review the four states of matter and their properties. Develop a concept map with the four states of matter and their properties. Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

  42. Pre-AP Extension Describe the characteristics of the primary three states of matter and observe matter moving from one state to another. Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD See speaker notes for lab.

  43. Measuring Motion Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

  44. Measuring Motion What Are Three States of Matter? What Do You Think? How is motion measured? Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

  45. Measuring Motion The object that appears to stay in place is a reference. When the object changes position in relation to a reference point over a period of time, the object is in motion. Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

  46. Measuring Motion Common Reference Points Earth surface Buildings Trees Mountains Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

  47. Measuring Motion The rate at which an object moves is speed. Speed depends on distance and time. Units used for speed= m/s, km/h, s= d/t Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD See speaker notes for Core Lab

  48. Measuring Motion Velocity is the speed of an object in a particular direction. 5km/h north Velocity = Speed + direction How does speed and velocity differ?? Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

  49. Measuring Motion Constant Velocity is if the speed and direction don’t change. It will follow a straight line. Change in velocity will occur if the speed or direction change= 5km/h south to 10 km/h south. Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

  50. Measuring Motion Resultant Velocity is combining two velocities. When two velocities are moving in the same direction- add them together. When two velocities are moving in different directions- subtract. See speaker notes for examples. Fall 2005 Pflugerville ISD

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