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Unit 1 Matter: Properties and Change

Unit 1 Matter: Properties and Change. Matter: Properties and Change. Objectives Students should be able to: Distinguish between chemical and physical properties Apply the Law of Conservation of Mass to chemical reactions Classify matter as elements, compounds, or mixtures

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Unit 1 Matter: Properties and Change

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  1. Unit 1 Matter: Properties and Change

  2. Matter: Properties and Change Objectives Students should be able to: • Distinguish between chemical and physical properties • Apply the Law of Conservation of Mass to chemical reactions • Classify matter as elements, compounds, or mixtures • Contrast homogenous and heterogeneous mixtures • Describe techniques used to separate mixtures

  3. What is matter? • Matter – anything that takes up space and has mass. • Mass – a measure of the amount of matter in an object • Weight is due to gravity; it changes from location to location; mass is always constant.

  4. States of Matter

  5. Vapor – gas form of a substance that is normally a liquid at room temperature.

  6. Types of Matter I. PureSubstance- one particular kind of matter; is uniform (all the same) and has a definite composition A. Elements – simplest kind of matter • cannot be broken down any simpler • composed of only one kind of atom. • written shorthand w/ chemical symbols ex: carbon = C, iron = Fe, mercury = Hg

  7. B. Compounds – made of two or more elements, chemically combined • broken down only by chemical change • when broken down, pieces have different properties than original compound. • adhere to Law of Definite Proportions – compound is always made of the same elements in the same proportions by mass ex: water = H2O, 2:1 ratio H to O methane = CH4, 4:1 ratio H to C

  8. II. Mixture- more than one kind of matter physically combined • has a variable composition • each part keeps its own properties • can be separated by physical means

  9. A. Heterogeneous- mixture is not uniform in composition, (visibly different parts) ex: chocolate chip cookie, soil B. Homogeneous- same composition throughout; (all looks the same); Aka - solutions ex: Gatorade, air, salt water

  10. Separating Mixtures • Distillation – separates components of solution w/ different boiling points • Filtration – separates solid from a liquid using porous barrier • Crystallization – forms pure solid particles from a saturated solution of dissolved particles • Chromatography – separates components (mobile phase) across a piece of paper (stationary phase)

  11. Properties of Matter I.Physical Properties – can be observed and measured without changing the composition. • color, odor, texture, hardness, density, melting and boiling pts. Physical change – change in appearance without changing the composition. ex: boil, freeze, dissolve, melt, condense, cut, bend, split, crack

  12. II. Chemical Properties – can only be observed by changing the composition of the material. • Chemical change – a change where a new kind of matter is formed. ex: rust, rot, explode, burn, decompose, ferment

  13. Indications of a Chemical Change • Energy absorbed or released – temperature gets hotter/colder • Color change (sometimes) • Gas production – bubbling, fizzing, or odor change • Precipitate formed – solid that separates from solution and won’t re-dissolve

  14. Law of Conservation of Mass • matter can not be created or destroyed in chemical reactions – it is conserved Example: 2Na + Cl2 2 NaCl reactants products 200 g + 15 g = 215 g mass of reactants = mass of products

  15. A. Extensive vs. Intensive • Extensive Property • depends on the amount of matter present • Intensive Property • depends on the identity of substance, not the amount

  16. A. Extensive vs. Intensive intensive extensive extensive intensive intensive • Examples: • boiling point • volume • mass • density • conductivity

  17. B. Physical vs. Chemical • Physical Property • can be observed without changing the identity of the substance • Chemical Property • describes the ability of a substance to undergo changes in identity

  18. B. Physical vs. Chemical physical chemical physical physical chemical • Examples: • melting point • flammable • density • magnetic • tarnishes in air

  19. B. Physical vs. Chemical • Physical Change • changes the form of a substance without changing its identity • properties remain the same • Chemical Change • changes the identity of a substance • products have different properties

  20. B. Physical vs. Chemical • Signs of a Chemical Change • change in color or odor • formation of a gas • formation of a precipitate (solid) • change in light or heat

  21. B. Physical vs. Chemical chemical physical chemical physical physical • Examples: • rusting iron • dissolving in water • burning a log • melting ice • grinding spices

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