Green Growth: the stakes for water resources in the Arab Region

1. Green Growth:the stakes for water resources in the Arab Region Institute for Technology and Resources Management in the Tropics and Subtropics Cologne University of Applied Sciences (CUAS) Fachhochschule Köln Prof. Dr. Johannes Hamhaber MSc Marc Haering BA MA Mohammad al-Saidi Prof. Dr.Lars Ribbe Institute for Technology in the Tropics Cologne University of Applied Sciences (CUAS) Fachhochschule Köln Prof. Dr. Johannes Hamhaber

2. Green Growth in the MENA region • Green Growth principles • Green growth in MENA region • Challengestogreengrowth • Natural resources (water, energy) growthrisks • Green Growth adoption in MENA • Suggestions and Options • Activities of CUAS/ITT and JU/WEEC • Symposia (and Rio 20+) • IWRM biculturalmaster • Research activities • Water / Energy / Food nexus

3. Concepts of Green Growth • UNEP (2009) Green growth is [..] a way to pursue economic growth and development, while preventing environmental degradation, biodiversity loss and unsustainable natural resource use. • AFED (2011) giving equal weight to • economic development • social equity, and • environmental sustainability • Thus, usingbasicprinciples of sustainability • Systemic understanding and raising synergies • Multi-dimensionality • Appropriate scales (space and scope) • Contextuality (both natural and social environments) • Fractality (thepartrepresentingthewhole…) • Goodgovernance, Cooperation and benefitsharing • …

4. Green growthconceptinitialassessment(Scholz 2012) • Green economy = low carbon, resource efficient and socially inclusive • A means towards sustainable development • Enhance attractivity for private sector and policy • Stronger cross-sectoral perspective, but concepts are not new • Adheres to growth, only decoupling or “greening” Potential risks • Narrow focus on technologies and resource efficiency (despite rising overall consumption)? Falling short of sustainable development? • Ignores barriers to technological innovation? • How to address negative effects in transition period? Consequences for developing countries • ↑prices , ↓growth & competitiveness, eco-protectionism, new conditionalities imposed for cooperation? • ↑Technology gap DCs-ICs and among DCs (build capacity!)

5. Challengestogreengrowth: thegreatacceleration?(after al-Jayyousi 2012) • Population growth • Urbanization • Global change (global climate change and globalization)

6. Nogreengrowthyetanywhere

7. Challengestogreengrowth: status of arabeconomies? Shortcomings (AFED 2011) • Unemployment rates • 14.8% for the general population, up to 27.3% among the youth • 51 million new jobs projected to be required by 2020(if Arab economies structured as currently) • Primary (extractive) sector dominates economies • Escalating food imports (30 billion US$ in 2008) • Infrastructures not fully evolved • 45 mio without access of safe water and sewage • 60 mio without access to affordable energy • Fostering private mobility instead of public transportation • Over 50% of waste uncollected in many countries • Urban sprawl With negative repercussions on economic, social and environmental development

8. Arabinternalfreshwaterresources (AFED 2010)

9. Beyond sectoral views: double burdens? (Hamhaber Haering 2012) • Per capita demand as first approximative indicators to water and energy availability  heterogeneity of nations!

10. Risk patterns for regional green growth (al Saidi 2012, SIWI 2012) • Economic growth risks to natural resources • Economic growth drives demand patterns and lifestyle changes • Fossil energy based growth path deteriorates water resources • Natural resources risks to growth • Resources scarcity and its economical cost • Societal inequality in access and affordability to resources linked to inequality in access to economic growth • Transboundary resources conflicts (e.g. watersheds)Highly politicised watershed with dominance patterns:linking resources management with ethnicity, territoriality and other deeply contested discoursesBenefit sharing does not work in securitized basins (Jägerskog 2008) • Multi-dimensional threats: water – energy – food security / scarcityintrinsically linked

11. Conceptual views towards green growth (selected) • Refocus spatially • Enhance agriculture to reduce rural poverty (AFED 2011) • Urbanisation without growth? Greening of cities! • Efficiency as growth driver • Energy (AFED 2011) target 30% reduction in energy requirements in industry estimated annual savings of 150,000 billion kWh or $12.3 billion 100 bio US$ for efficiency of 20% of building stock  4 mio jobs • Water (CAS 2011)reduce losses will save resources and end user costscontribute to coverage and equity • Synergies • water efficiency drives energy efficiency and vice versa

12. Conceptualviewstowardsgreengrowth (2) • Contextuality • Technology levels • Growth from within? Trans-Regional cooperation on R&D and education • Cultural compatibility • Value sets for promotion of green growth from culture and religion (Al-Jayyousi 2012)e.g. • Tayebah: ‘goodness’  Responsible Development; capital forms complimentary, not competing • Emarat Al Ard: ‘nourishing the world’re-constructing the earth with a sustainable vision • Adl: ‘Justice’  new policies and institutions to protect our natural capital (New Deal); justice to people, animals and the earth • Zohd: ‘back to basics’  change consumption patterns • Islah / ijtihad: ‘rectify and innovate’  ecological restoration • Historical and traditional knowledge systemsas reference and inspiration

13. Ten Green Growth choices for water resources in the MENA region • Pursue a responsible (tayebah) development path • Set the priorities right: extensive diagnostics • Link water to energy and food: Beyond sectoral water policies water-energy-food-nexus • Remove barriers to private innovations • Set the right standards for water sector technologies, management and use practices • Invest also in low-cost (e.g. water harvesting) technologies • Preempt conflicts and promote benefit sharing • Set the right cultural value of waterspecial traditional and religious value in the desert culture of the Arab world • Change the behavior from the bottom up: Behavioral change by involving and empowering • Educate Arab experts and communicators

14. Activities • Amman-Cologne Symposium • 1st Symposium 2011: The water-energy nexus • 2nd Symposium 2012: Green Growth and Water Resourcesresults presented to Rio +20 • Ongoing research projects e.g. • Nile basin cooperative research with PhDs from Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt • (Water) Governance curriculum project in Egypt • Capacity development / life-long learning • e.g. IWRM for an Iraqi delegation in July 2012 • Widening the research on water-energy-food-(security) nexus

15. Activities: IWRM master program • MSc Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) Bicultural Master Program in Jordan and Germany Organised and offered by • ITT @ CUAS and Water, Energy and Environment Center (WEEC) @ JU On behalf of • German Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) • The first of four programmes in MENA, first intake 2007 Supported by • Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH (GIZ) • German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)

16. Targeting future challenges: new professional profiles A „new water professional“ • Contextual:WR in the context of development processes and global change • Multi-dimensional / multi-disciplinaryinteraction of WR with environment, society and economy • Interdisciplinary:integrate concerns and aspects of various sectors (beyond WR) • Communicative:between cultures, disciplines and stakeholders

17. Ensuringfuturegreengrowth 4th intakegraduatedJanuary 2012