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Neck Region

Neck Region. PA 481. Anterior Surface. Triangles at Surface. Hyoid. C3 level Suprahyoid muscles Infrahyoid muscles. Vertebral Column. Intervertebral disc. Vertebra Parts. C1 & C2. Cervical Vertebra. Typical Cervical Vertebra. Spinal Cord.

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Neck Region

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  1. Neck Region PA 481

  2. Anterior Surface

  3. Triangles at Surface

  4. Hyoid • C3 level • Suprahyoid muscles • Infrahyoid muscles

  5. Vertebral Column

  6. Intervertebral disc

  7. VertebraParts

  8. C1 & C2

  9. Cervical Vertebra

  10. Typical Cervical Vertebra

  11. Spinal Cord • Receives and generates signals to body through the spinal nerves

  12. Cord in Spinal Canal Posterior Median Sulcus Posterior Root Denticulate Ligament Dorsal Root Ganglion Anterior Root Spinal Nerve

  13. Spinal Cord (X.S.)

  14. Spinal Cord (x.s.)

  15. Spinal Nerve Anatomy

  16. Functional Arrangement of SC Ascending and descending pathways

  17. Ascending Pathways

  18. Descending Pathways

  19. Cervical Plexus Serves neck and diaphragm

  20. Brachial Plexus and pectoral nerves

  21. Brachial Plexus Innervates most of the arm and someof the body wall.

  22. Spinal Cord Segments • 4 segments: Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, and Sacral (only 1 coccygeal nerve) • 31 pairs of spinal nerves

  23. Cervical Segment

  24. Neck Fascia Superficial fascia Prevertebral fascia Alar fascia Investing fascia Pretracheal fascia

  25. Platysma

  26. SCM and Trapezius SCM Trapezius

  27. Cervical Triangles Anterior Triangle Posterior Triangle

  28. Posterior Triangle Occipital triangle Supraclavicular triangle

  29. Superficial and Deep Posterior Triangle Ext. jugular v. SCM Splenius Levator scapulae Nerve Point of Neck Accessory n. Phrenic n. Prevertebral fascia Platysma Scalenes Brachial plexus

  30. Supraclavicular Triangle Brachial Plexus SCM Subclavian vessels

  31. Anterior Triangles Submandibular Submental Carotid Muscular

  32. Muscular Triangle

  33. Muscles of Triangle Thyrohyoid Sternothyroid Thyroid Sternohyoid

  34. Thyroid Location

  35. Accessory Thyroid gland Accessory thyroid along thyroglossal duct

  36. Pyramidal lobe (50% of people have this lobe structure)

  37. Thyroid Follicle (follicular cells  thyroxine) Parafollicular cells  calcitonin

  38. T3 & T4 Formation and Secretion

  39. T3 & T4

  40. Control of Thyroxine Secretion Short loop Long loop

  41. Thyroid Malfunction • Hypothyroidism • Endemic goiters –due to iodine deffeicency • Cretinism –i thyroxine in child results in igrowth (dwarf) and severe mental retardation • Myxedema –i thyroxine in adult, leads to swelling of tissues plus other symptoms

  42. Cretinism

  43. Thyroid Malfunction • Hyperthyroidism • Toxic goiters (Graves disease) –Ab may stimulate thyroid without negative feedback control • Exophthalmos –symptom present in many hyperthyroid patients

  44. Parathyroid Location

  45. Parathyroid

  46. PTH Actions • Stimulates resorption of bone  hCa+ and PO4- in blood • Stimulates Ca+ absorption in intestine (active Vit. D3 necessary for Ca+ absorption) • Stimulates Ca+ reabsorption and PO4- excretion in kidney • Stimulates Vit. D3 formation (skin) and activation (kidney) • Vital for life

  47. Laryngeal Cartilages Hyoid Epiglottis (anterior) Arytenoid cartilage Thyroid cartilage Cricoid cartilage (posterior)

  48. Voice Box Vestibular fold Ventricle Vocal fold

  49. CN X: supply to laryngeal muscles Inf. Vagal ganglion Internal Laryngeal n.(sensory & autonomic) External Laryngeal n.(motor to inf. Pharnygeal constrictor and the cricohyoid) Recurrent Laryngeal n.(motor to all other laryngeal muscles)

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