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Catalyst

Catalyst. How did Bohr’s atomic model improve on previously proposed models? Draw the Bohr model for the ion magnesium would form after satisfying the octet rule. What differentiates covalent and ionic bonds?. End. To Do List: Checklists. Help Astor do big thangs w/ Gen Chem

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Catalyst

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  1. Catalyst • How did Bohr’s atomic model improve on previously proposed models? • Draw the Bohr model for the ion magnesium would form after satisfying the octet rule. • What differentiates covalent and ionic bonds? End

  2. To Do List: Checklists • Help Astor do big thangs w/ Gen Chem • Get that book! • Activities Checklist: • Finish practice • Prepare for stations and exam • Evaluate Gen Chem work • Finish Reading • Finish Naming Practice

  3. What Do We Know?

  4. Naming Compounds • Elements combine in various ways to form compounds. Chemists generally divide compounds into two classes: ionicandcovalent. • Each class has a unique nomenclature system

  5. Ions • An ion is an atom that has lost or gained electronsand therefore has a positive or negative chargedue to an imbalance of protonsand electrons. • A polyatomic ion is a group of atoms bonded together as a single unit that carries a net charge.

  6. The Periodic Table • Tells us everything! • Each element in the the same group should share properties with other elements in its group because….

  7. Which elements are in your smartphone?

  8. Organic vs. Inorganic • Which of the substances shown below would YOU consider organic? WHY? C A B E D

  9. IT’S CHEMISTRY! Organic isn’t just in a Supermarket…

  10. Read about it… • How are organic compounds involved in combustion? • http://www.shmoop.com/biomolecules/organic-inorganic-molecules.html • http://chemistry.about.com/od/branchesofchemistry/f/What-Is-The-Difference-Between-Organic-And-Inorganic.htm • http://www.kentchemistry.com/links/organic/combustion.htm

  11. My 3 favorite molecules! What are they? Capsaicin - 8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide Caffeine - 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine Theobromine - 3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione

  12. Lesson 2.6 – Naming Organic and Inorganic Compounds

  13. Naming Inorganic Compounds

  14. Names and Formulas of Ionic Compounds: Anions • The names of elements that are anions are formed by adding –ideto the end of the name • Cl- = Chloride ion • Br- = Bromide ion • O2- = Oxide ion

  15. Names and Formulas of Ionic Compounds: Anions 2. Polyatomic ions that contain oxygen have names ending in either –ate or –ite -ate ending polyatomic have more oxygens than –ite ones!

  16. Names and Formulas of Ionic Compounds: Anions 2. Sometimes oxygen binds to the same ion with increasing amount of oxygens. These come in 4’s and the pattern is always: • Per_____ate = 4 oxygens • _______ate = 3 oxygens • _______ite = 2 oxygens • Hypo______ite = 1 oxygen • Example: • ClO4- = Perchlorate, ClO3-= Chlorate, ClO2- = Chlorite, ClO- = Hypochlorite

  17. Names and Formulas of Ionic Compounds: Anions 3. Anions created by adding H+ to an anions that has oxygen has the prefix of hydrogen or dihydrogen based on the number of H+.

  18. Naming Ionic Compounds • To name ionic compounds, you always name the cation and then the anion.

  19. Examples

  20. Names and Formulas for Acids • Acids are named differently than other compounds • Two rules when naming acids: • Acids containing anions that are only single elements are named by changing the –ide prefix on the anion to –ic and adding hydro in front of the anion. Add acid at the end. • E.g. HCl is hydrochloric acid • Acids containing polyatomic ions are named by changing –ate to –ic and –ite to –ouson the anion and then adding acid at the end

  21. Naming Covalent Molecules (Non-Acids) • The process for naming covalent inorganic compounds requires the following rules: 1. Name the first compound with a Greek prefix to indicate the number of atoms. 2. Name the second compound adding –ide to the end and a Greek prefix to indicate number of atoms. Greek Prefixes

  22. Class Example • CaCl2 • Ba(OH)2 • SiBr4 • Hydrobromic Acid

  23. Table Talk • HCl • K2SO4 • Disulfur dichloride • Cobalt (II) Nitrate

  24. White Board Problems • Na2CO3 • CaO • Mg(ClO3)2 • Lead (II) Hydroxide • Phosphoric Acid • H2SO4 • S2F6 • CO2 • Diphosphorustrifluoride

  25. Naming Simple Organic Compounds

  26. Naming Hydrocarbons

  27. Unit 2 Problem Set • Complete the problem set independently or with your table.

  28. Closing Time • Quantitative on Ch. 2 on Thursday/Friday • Answer to practice

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