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LIGHT AND SCIENCE

LIGHT AND SCIENCE. What is light? 0. sight rays. What is light? 0. sight rays 1. Pantheon Rome, ca 100 AD. What is light? 0. sight rays 1. Pantheon Rome, ca 100 AD 2. Capella Pazzi, ca 1430 Brunellesci. What is light? 0. sight rays 1. Pantheon, Rome ca 100 AD

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LIGHT AND SCIENCE

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  1. LIGHT AND SCIENCE

  2. What is light? 0. sight rays

  3. What is light? 0. sight rays 1. Pantheon Rome, ca 100 AD

  4. What is light? 0. sight rays 1. Pantheon Rome, ca 100 AD 2. Capella Pazzi, ca 1430 Brunellesci

  5. What is light? 0. sight rays 1. Pantheon, Rome ca 100 AD 2. Capella Pazzi, ca 1430 Brunellesci 3. Newton, 1666

  6. "And if at anytime I speak of Light and Rays as coloured or endued with Colours, I would be understood to speak not philosophically and properly, but grossly, and accordingly to such Conceptions as vulgar People in seeing all these Experiments would be apt to frame. For the Rays to speak properly are not coloured. In them there is nothing else than a certain Power and Disposition to stir up a Sensation of this or that Colour. " (Book one, Part II, prop II. Newton, 1704/1952)

  7. What is light? 0. sight rays 1. Pantheon Rome ca 100 AD 2. Capella pazzi ca 1430 Brunellesci 3. Newton, 1666 4. visible radiation

  8. What is light? 0. sight rays 1. Pantheon Rome ca 100 AD 2. Capella pazzi ca 1430 Brunellesci 3. Newton, 1666 4. visible radiation 5. Newton: Opticks 1704

  9. What is light? 0. sight rays 1. Pantheon Rome ca 100 AD 2. Capella pazzi ca 1430 Brunellesci 3. Newton, 1666 4. visible radiation 5. Newton: Opticks 1704 6. Goethe, 1819, Theory of colours

  10. What is light? 0. sight rays 1. Pantheon Rome ca 100 AD 2. Capella pazzi ca 1430 Brunellesci 3. Newton, 1666 4. visible radiation 5. Newton: Opticks 1704 6. Goethe, 1819, Theory of colours 7. Maxwell, 1861, Three colour theory

  11. What is light? 0. sight rays 1. Pantheon Rome ca 100 AD 2. Capella pazzi ca 1430 Brunellesci 3. Newton, 1666 4. visible radiation 5. Newton: Opticks 1704 6. Goethe, 1819, Theory of colours 7. Maxwell, 1861, Three colour theory 8. CIP International Commission Photometry 1900

  12. What is light? 0. sight rays 1. Pantheon Rome ca 100 AD 2. Capella pazzi ca 1430 Brunellesci 3. Newton, 1666 4. visible radiation 5. Newton: Opticks 1704 6. Goethe, 1819, Theory of colours 7. Maxwell, 1861, Three colour theory 8. CIP International Commission Photometry 1900 9. Einstein, 1905, photoelectric effect (Nobel Prize 1921)

  13. What is light? 0. sight rays 1. Pantheon Rome ca 100 AD 2. Capella pazzi ca 1430 Brunellesci 3. Newton, 1666 4. visible radiation 5. Newton: Opticks 1704 6. Goethe, 1819, Theory of colours 7. Maxwell, 1861, Three colour theory 8. CIP International Commission Photometry 1900 9. Einstein, 1905, photoelectric effect (Nobel Prize 1921) 10. Planck, 1906, photons, (Nobel Prize 1918)

  14. Lighting theory 11 CIE, International Commission on Illumination, 1913

  15. Lighting theory 11. CIE, International Commission on Illumination, 1913 12. V-lamda - function, 1924

  16. Lighting theory 11. CIE, International Commission on Illumination, 1913 12. V-lamda function, 1924 13. Granit, Hartline, Wald 1930-60, (Nobel prize 1967)

  17. Lighting theory 11. CIE, International Commission on Illumination, 1913 12. V-lamda function. 1924 13. Granit, Hartline, Wald 1930-60, (Nobel prize 1967) 14. Gibson, 1950

  18. Lighting theory 11. CIE, International Commission on Illumination, 1913 12. V-lamda function. 1924 13. Granit, Hartline, Wald 1930-60, (Nobel prize 1967) 14. Gibson, 1950 15. Hollwich, 1950-70

  19. Lighting theory 11. CIE, International Commission on Illumination, 1913 12. V-lamda function. 1924 13. Granit, Hartline, Wald 1930-60, (Nobel prize 1967) 14. Gibson, 1950 15. Hollwich, 1950-70 16. Boyce, 1981

  20. Lighting theory 11. CIE, International Commission on Illumination, 1913 12. V-lamda function. 1924 13. Granit, Hartline, Wald 1930-60, (Nobel prize 1967) 14. Gibson, 1950 15. Hollwich, 1950-70 16. Boyce, 1981 17. 1983 CIE TC Photobiology

  21. Lighting theory 11. CIE, International Commission on Illumination, 1913 12. V-lamda function. 1924 13. Granit, Hartline, Wald 1930-60, (Nobel prize 1967) 14. Gibson, 1950 15. Hollwich, 1950-70 16. Boyce, 1981 17. CIE TC Photobiology 1983 18. Brainard et al 1990 –

  22. What is a scientific approach to lighting design?

  23. Architects' and engineers' approach to lighting since long is coined by dissimilarities. The current patterns of lighting engineering “objectives” and the architects "opinions" do not co-operate.

  24. Why theoretical differences of lighting by architects and engineers?

  25. The motives of the present theoretical differences are apparent – but inadequate….

  26. The engineering approach has the advantage of being regarded scientific, at least within the engineering and welfare society. Architects' approach to lighting is often understood as just opinions, emotional and – as not numerical – more or less suspicious.

  27. "Light" in Lighting Technology is physical (Rea, 1993) The development of lighting theories to the support of lighting research and engineering practice was coined by the conviction of light being a physically measurable “visible radiation”.

  28. “Physical measures of lighting are safe and objective”. The confident way of lighting control is photometric measurements, by definition regarded objective. Their evidence of lighting quality offered to the users is often low. Current lighting control will confirm whether stated values of the quality specification are fulfilled or not.

  29. The user’s needs what regards qualities of lighting go far beyond what in general is stated by the current lighting Codes. These, in general, are limited to demands by photometrical measures related to visual performance of central vision.

  30. Crucial “lighting objectives” are scientifically obsolete.

  31. CIE International Lighting Vocabulary, ILV : 845-01-03 (electromagnetic radiation) 1 .Emission or transfer of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves 2. These waves or these photons. 845-01-02 optical radiation Electromagnetic radiation at wavelengths between the region of transition to X-rays and the region of transition to radio waves . While these two definitions are entirely physical, the third is defined in relation to the process of vision: 845-01-03 visible radiation Any optical radiation capable of causing a visual sensation directly.

  32. Conclusions of presumed visibility According to International Lighting Vocabulary: 845-01-06 light 1. perception; 2. visible radiation 380-770 nm 845-03-01 colour 1. perception; 2. specific property of visible radiation, (tri-stimulus values) > Light and colour ambiguously defined > Visible radiation replaced by light > Colours appear according to the visible spectrum > Colour is a radiant property, emitted from the lamp...

  33. Visual perception – what we see – is not the result of a passive registrationof visible radiation, Instead the result of cooperation of most dynamic and fast interpretation processes conveying remarkably relevant and rapid information of surroundings, objects and details.

  34. Light as measured is not equal to light as perceived Light as perceived is determined by visual perception as a whole. No direct correlation is to be found to the prevalent photon streams of the surroundings

  35. Instrumental principles of lighting engineering Lighting engineering deals with what is regarded to be objective. Narrow understanding of vision produces confidence of objective calculations.

  36. “Lighting engineering principles are more reliable than architects’ ideas….” To reach optimal result regarding health, ergonomics, architectural design and economy, close coordination of natural and artificial lighting is decisive, by confident cooperation of architect and lighting designer.

  37. The physical concept of lighting; engineering theories: – lighting demands in general regard visual performance limited to central vision – current control limited to specific code values, illuminance and luminance measurements – code demands often most accurately calculated – lamps chosen according to photometric specifications

  38. “There is growing evidence that light can make an identifiable contribution to the perceived quality of light, and this contribution clearly goes beyond task visibility." IES Lighting Handbook, 8th ed. (Rea,1993) ch.3 Vision and Perception: Psychological considerations.

  39. The visual concept of lighting – architectural theories – goals of lighting regard the built space as a whole, surroundings and tasks – lighting control regards the perceived qualities related to surroundings and workstations – lighting is a means of expression, support to basic spatial qualities – lighting treated upon the base of perceived experience of spaces – lamps chosen according to visual qualities + photometric data

  40. Lighting demands specified in the building program in general, are given by values of illuminance, uniformity, luminance ratios, UGR, CRI etc.

  41. Calculable measures will secure certain specific factors, which for sure influence the resulting lighting quality. Their importance, though, must not be exaggerated.

  42. Reasonable tolerances should always be stated for the factors listed, to open for the best joint action of all factors that will influence the final result, either calculable or non calculable. The latter, determined on the base of experience, should not be underrated to their importance. Related to visual perception the objectivity of precise lighting measures is an illusion

  43. Instrumental principles of lighting engineering Lighting engineering deals with what is regarded to be objective. Narrow understanding of vision produces confidence of objective calculations.

  44. “Lighting engineering principles are more reliable than architects’ ideas….” To reach optimal result regarding health,ergonomics, architectural design and economy, a close coordination of natural and artificial lighting is decisive – founded upon the confident cooperation of architect and lighting designer.

  45. Scientific results are regarded objective and reliable, thus related to with confidence…

  46. Accuracy by calculations is less important than carefulness of the user’s needs… What regards qualities of lighting, these go far beyond what in general is stated by the current lighting Codes: – demands by photometrical measures related to visual performance of central vision.

  47. “Physical measures of lighting are safe and objective”. The confident way of lighting control is photometric measurements, by definition regarded objective. Their evidence of lighting quality as visually perceived is often low. Current lighting control will confirm whether stated values of the quality specification are fulfilled or not.

  48. Theories and engineering principles of CIE Lighting codes and calculation methods represent just one part of the tools needed to handle lighting design practice. Most important for the reliable use of these tools is far wider understanding of the complex partnership of lighting and humans.

  49. Lighting regards health and well being by endocrinal and visual effects *

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