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Basic Airway

Basic Airway. Abdullah Alsakka EM Consultant. Objectives. Review airway anatomy Review basic airway maneuvers. The Upper Airway. A B C D E F G H. Epiglottis Mandible Frontal Sinus Soft Palate Trachea Glottis Esophagus Vocal Cords. The Upper Airway. Other Structures

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Basic Airway

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  1. Basic Airway Abdullah Alsakka EM Consultant

  2. Objectives • Review airway anatomy • Review basic airway maneuvers

  3. The Upper Airway A B C D E F G H Epiglottis Mandible Frontal Sinus Soft Palate Trachea Glottis Esophagus Vocal Cords

  4. The Upper Airway • Other Structures • Nasopharynx • Oropharynx • Hypopharynx • Larynx • Functions

  5. Functions of the Upper Airway • Passageway for air • Warm • Filter • Humidify • Protection • Gag Reflex • Cough • Speech

  6. Upper and Lower Airways

  7. The Lower Airway Primary Bronchi Hyoid Bone Right Lung Secondary Bronchi Tracheal Ligament Trachea Larynx Esophagus Left Lung Trachea A B C D E F G H I J

  8. Airway Anatomy • Upper Airway • Pharynx • Epiglottis • Glottis • Vocal cords • Larynx • Lower Airway • Trachea • Bronchi • Alveoli • Lung tissue, consisting of lobes and lobules (3 on the right and 2 on the left) • Pleura

  9. Airway Anatomy www.aap.org/nrp/ images/CDIMAGE4.JPG arytenoids & aryepiglottic folds

  10. Basic Airway Maneuvers • ALWAYS REMEMBER THE BASICS • These skills should be used prior to initiating any advanced airway technique • Head-tilt/chin lift • Jaw thrust • Modified jaw thrust (for trauma patients) • Sellick’s maneuver

  11. Airway Management Techniques Patency Maneuvers • Head tilt with chin lift, or jaw-thrust maneuver

  12. Opening the airway

  13. Jaw thrust technique may be needed if C-spine injury

  14. 1.Oropharyngeal Airway • Size is measured from the corner of the mouth to the angle of the jaw • Sizes range from 0-6 • It holds the tongue away from the posterior pharynx, but does not isolate the trachea

  15. Simple airway adjuncts R

  16. Oral Airway continued • The oral airway is inserted with the curve towards the side of the mouth • Then rotated so that the curve of the airway matches the curve of the tongue

  17. Oropharyngeal airway insertion

  18. 2.Nasopharyngeal Airway • Soft plastic or rubber tube that is designed to pass just inferior to the base of the tongue • Passed through one of the nares and can be used in patients with an intact gag reflex • CONTRAINDICATED in cases of suspected or possible basilar skull fracture • Sizes range from 17-26 cm in length and 6-9 mm internal diameter • Measured from tip of the nose to the corner of the patients ear

  19. Nasal Airway continued • The nasal airway is lubricated with a water soluble lubricant • The beveled tip is inserted directed towards the septum, with the airway directed perpendicular to the face • If resistance is met, rotating the airway may help or the other nare may be used

  20. Nasopharyngeal airway insertion

  21. Bag-Valve-Mask Ventilation • Very important skill to know • May provide temporary or definitive airway management. • One person - importance of a good seal. • Two person technique more effective. • In EMS setting may be as useful as endotracheal intubation.

  22. Bag-Valve-Mask Ventilation

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