19 th Century China and Japan

1. 19th Century China and Japan

2. China’s Ego and Resistance Chinese more advanced and looked down on foreigners and foreign goods Mining, manufacturing, silk, etc.- Chinese self-sufficient Trade controlled through select ports. Chinese had favorable balance of trade. They exported a lot of tea and imported few British goods

3. Global Trading Routes: Where are the Ports?

4. Opium Wars, 1839-1842 • Britain wanted to reverse the balance of trade • Opium was the only product heavily in demand by China • War at sea • Chinese lost • Treaty of Nanjing in 1842 gave Britain Hong Kong

5. China’s Internal Problems Large population and not enough food led to starvation Government riddled with corruption, infrastructure declines Opium addiction rose

6. Taiping Rebellion 1850-1864 • Religious and political rebellion against the Qing Dynasty • Hong Xiuquan – leader brings peasants together in the 1840s • 1853 rebel forces took Nanjing but rebellion only lasted 14 years • 20 million deaths

8. Open Door Policy 1899 U.S.- China- opened China’s doors to trade and protected it from outright colonization

9. Boxer Rebellion 1900 • Chinese frustrated by special privileges to foreigners and the protection the Christians received and they rebelled • Multinational troops (20,000) met them in Beijing and defeated them

10. REFORM By 1905 Qing rulers realized need for reform They go on world tour to learn to modernize

11. Japan Ends its Isolation • Trade growing in importance • 1853 U.S. sends Commodore Matthew Perry to Japan • Treaty of Kanagawa 1854 opened two ports for Americans • Like China quickly allowed more foreigners and extraterritorial rights

12. Meiji Era- 1867-1912Japan Industrializes • 1867 Tokugawa shogun stepped down • Mutsuhito’s rule- modernizes Japan • By early 20th century Japan modernized with railways and extensive manufacturing

13. Japanese Imperialism After Japan industrialized, it also wanted control over more territory 1876 forced Korea to open up ports but China upset, so they signed a hands-off agreement in 1885 1894- Sino-Japanese war 1895 signed treaty where Japan got its first colonies- Taiwan and Pescadores Islands

14. Japan fights Russia for Korea Russia and Japan war over Manchuria and Japan defeated the Russians Treaty of Portsmouth 1905 gave Japan Russia’s territory in Korea 1905 made Korea a protectorate and 1910 annexed Korea Japanese were harsh rulers- outlawed protest, shut down Korean newspapers, schools